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Q:

What would be the time of the following cities if the time at Prime Meridian is 10 a.m. Delhi, London, Tokyo, Paris, Cairo, Moscow

A:

Delhi

3:30 p.m.

London

11:00 a.m.

Tokyo

7:00 p.m.

Paris

12:00 Noon

Cairo

12:00 Noon

Moscow

1:00 p.m.
Q:

Find out the locations of the following places with the help of your atlas and write their latitudes and longitudes.
Place Latitude Longitude
Mumbai
Vladivostok
Cairo
New York
Ottawa
Geneva
Johannesburg
Sydney

A:

Place

Latitude

Longitude

Mumbai

19° 4' N

72° 52' E

Vladivostok

43° 10' N

132° 0' E

Cairo

30° 2' N

31° 14' E

New York

40° 42' N

74° 0' W

Ottawa

45° 25' N

75° 41' W

Geneva

46° 12' N

6° 8' E

Johannesburg

26° 12' S

28° 2' E

Sydney

33° 52' S

151° 12' E
Q:

Distinguish between latitudes and longitudes.

A:

Latitude         

Longitude

Run from East-west, parallel to the equator

Run from North to South

Used to demarcate temperature zones

Used to determine local time

Lines are parallel to each other          

Lines converge at the poles

The distance between the two latitudes is approximately 111 km

The distance between the two longitude is maximum at equator, i.e., 111.3 km and minimum at poles , i.e., 0 km.

Latitude measures up to 180 degrees, i.e., 90° N and - 90° S.

Longitude measures up to 360 degrees
Q:

(i) Which are the two natural points of references on the earth? (ii) What is a great circle? (iii) What are coordinates? (iv) Why does the sun appear to be moving from east to west? (v) What is meant by local time?

A:

(i) North and South Poles are the two natural points of references on the earth. The spinning of the earth on its axis from west to east provides these two natural points.

(ii) A Great Circle is a circle on the surface of the earth that divides the earth into two equal halves. For example, equator is the largest circle and divides the globe into two equal halves.

(iii) The latitudes and longitudes are commonly referred to as geographical coordinates as they provide systematic network of lines upon which the position of various surface features of the earth, can be represented.

(iv) The sun appear to be moving from east to west because the earth rotates from west to east over its axis and takes 24 hours to complete one rotation.

(v) The time based on the meridian through a specific place, as a city, in contrast to that of the time zone within which the place is located is called local time.

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