Federalism is an institutional mechanism to accommodate two seats of politics-one at the national level and the other at the regional level. If all the Hindi speaking regions of India, i.e. Rajasthan, UP, MP, Bihar, Gujarat are combined then there would be only a unitary or single unit, this cannot be called a federation.
The administrative convenience should be the basis for the formation of a state because nowadays the people and the political process must develop a culture and a set of values and virtues like mutual trust, tolerance and a spirit of cooperation. Federalism celebrates both unity as well as diversity.
Different states and political parties have adopted different methods to demand more autonomy:
Some state feels resentment towards other states if some states are granted the special provisions by the constitution.
1.Strong centre:
(a)Various subjects have been demarcated in the division of lists, i.e. union list-97 subjects, states list -66 and concurrent list-47 subjects
(b)All the subjects, which have national importance, included in the union list.
(c)In case of any conflict on the subjects of the concurrent list, the saying of the central government is important, rather than state government.
(d)When an emergency is imposed on the nation or partially, then the central government is empowered to frame the laws on the subjects mentioned in the state list.
2. The emergency powers:
(a) During the declaration of a national emergency, the government is changed to a unitary form, from a federation. Hence, the central government exercises the legislative and executive power of the state but state legislature or executive are not dissolved.
(b) If the emergency is declared in a particular state due to failure of constitutional machinery there, the legislative power goes into the hands of the centre and the executive power goes in the hands of the president.
(c) In case of declaration of financial emergency by the president, the centre is again authorized to issue directions concerning the economy of the state and they will obey it.
3. Financial dependence of the state on centres:
(a) The centre enjoys more resources for revenue rather than the states.
(b) The states can get a loan from the centre if required.
(c)The states apply for grants-in-aid from the centre.
(d) Hence, states are dependent on the centre financially
4. Appointment of Governors:
Note: - Indian constitution does not specify which communities will reside in India. Neither constitution mentions the State religion.
Assamese. |
Bengali. |
Bodo. |
Dogri. |
Gujarati. |
Hindi. |
Kannada. |
Kashmiri. |
Konkani. |
Maithili. |
Malayalam. |
Manipuri. |
Marathi. |
Nepali. |
Odia. |
Punjabi. |
Sanskrit. |
Santhali. |
Sindhi. |
Tamil. |
Telugu. |
Urdu. |
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