Design a field survey on any one of the following problems:
(a) Environmental Pollution
(b) Soil Degradation
(c) Floods
(d) Energy Issues
(e) Land Use Change Detection
Field Study of flood: A Study of Brahmaputra valley in Assam
Objectives: To identify and record areas experiencing recurring flood conditions and to suggest flood preparedness measures for the people of Brahmaputra river valley.
Coverage: The aspects related to the spatial, temporal and thematic coverage be understood.
Spatial: A field study may be conducted of a flood prone area of Brahmaputra Valley.
Temporal: The study is based on average conditions reflecting responses of heavy rainfall during the rainy season.
Thematic: Thematically the assessments for the agricultural production, land use, rainfall variability, migration and vegetation status should be made to understand.
Secondary Information: The maps and the data pertaining to the rainfall, crop production and population should be collected for flood-affected areas from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Assam State Disaster Management Authority, Assam State Brahmaputra Valley Flood Control Board and Cachar Flood Control Board, etc.
Maps: 1: 50,000 and large-scale topographical maps and satellite maps are needed. Satellite images provide information on the flood disaster footprints, and are essential for identification and mapping of the perennial and non-perennial water bodies, settlements, land use, and other physical and cultural features of Brahmaputra river valley.
Observation: Photographs and sketches of the area can give more information about the physical and cultural features such as rainfall, crop failures, change in landuse pattern, loss of human life, damage to property, destruction of crops, loss of livestock, and deterioration of health conditions, etc.
Measurement: The village in the Brahmaputra river valley, as a unit, is selected for this type of survey. One set of Survey of India topo-sheets and digital satellite images of IRS are used for the present study.
Interviewing: We have to interview some people of the affected area, and collect the information related to flood, crops, livestock, domestic water supply, healthcare, etc.
Tabulation: The data collected from the primary and secondary sources has to be organized for interpretation.
Presentation of Report: The information gathered is finally recorded in the form of a detailed report about the cause and magnitude of the flood and its impact on the economy and life of the people of Brahmaputra Valley.
(i) Why is a field survey required?
(ii) List the tools and techniques used during a field survey.
(iii) What type of coverages need to defined before undertaking a field survey?
(iv) Describe survey design in brief.
(v) Why is the well-structured questionnaire important for a field survey?
(i) Field survey is a basic procedure to understand the earth as a home of mankind and is carried out through observation, sketching, measurement, interviews, etc. The field surveys are carried out to gather required information so as the problem under investigation is studied in depth as per the pre-defined objectives.
(ii) Field survey is conducted to collect information about the chosen problem for which varied types of tools are required. These include recorded and published data by the government and private organizations, field observation, measurement, and interviewing people through questionnaires, etc.
(iii) During survey, investigator has to decide whether the survey will be conducted in the form of census for the entire population or will be based on selected sample. If the study area is small and composed of diverse elements then entire population should be surveyed. However, for large area, researcher/ investigator can use the sampling method of survey.
(iv) Survey design is very critical in determining the quality of research. A framework of sample survey including its size and method of selecting samples is to be decided in relation to the main objectives of survey, size and diversity of population and cost and time limitations.
(v) The questionnaire method involves asking previously framed questions to the person to be interviewed. A well-structured questionnaire ensures that the data collected satisfy the objectives of the research. Questions should be related to the objectives of the survey and to get the answer related to the problems. A good questionnaire collects only the information that is essential to the survey objectives.
(i) Which one of the following helps most in planning for a field survey?
(a) Personal Interviews
(b) Secondary Information
(c) Measurements
(d) Experimentation
(ii) Which one of the following is taken up at the conclusion of a field survey?
(a) Data entry and Tabulation
(b) Report Writing
(c) Computation of Indices
(d) None of the above
(iii) What is most important at the initial stages of field survey?
(a) Outlining the Objectives
(b) Collection of Secondary Information
(c) Defining the spatial and thematic coverages
(d) Sample Design
(iv) What level of information is acquired during a field survey?
(a) Macro level information
(b) Maso level information
(c) Micro level information
(d) All of the above levels of information
(i) (b) Secondary Information
(ii) (b) Report Writing
(iii) (a) Outlining the Objectives
(iv) (a) Macro level information
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