NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Geography Chapter 24 Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context

(i)  The social benefits of ITDP in the Bharmaur tribal region are:

• The Development of infrastructure in terms of schools, health care facilities, potable water roads communication and electricity
• The tremendous increase in literacy rate
• Improve in sex ratio and decline in child marriage

(ii) Sustainable development refers to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

(iii)

• The spread of canal irrigation has led to an increase in cultivated area and intensity of cropping.
• Increase agricultural productivity
• The traditional crops like gram, bajra and jowar have been replaced by wheat, cotton, groundnut and rice.

(i) (b) Area specific approach of development.

(ii) (c) Integrated Tribal Development Programme

(iii) (b) Eco-development

(i) The Drought-Prone Areas Programme (DPAP) was started in 1973 during the Fourth Five Year Plan with the objectives of providing employment to the people in drought-prone areas. But later on, it emphasised on irrigation projects, land development programmes, afforestation, grassland development, electricity, roads, market, credit and services, etc.

The drought prone area in India spread over semi-arid and arid tract of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Western Madhya Pradesh, Marathwada region of Maharashtra, Rayalseema and Telangana plateaus of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka plateau and highlands and interior parts of Tamil Nadu.

The drought prone areas of Punjab, Haryana and north-Rajasthan are largely protected due to spread of irrigation in these regions.

The planning commission of India made the plans for the development of agriculture and allied sectors. The planning commission of India initiated a comprehensive and detailed regional plain for the development of agriculture. Emphasis is given on the irrigation projects and land development programme. In this way, drought-prone area programme help in the development of dryland agriculture in India.

(ii) Various scholars have questioned the ecological sustainability of Indira Gandhi Canal Project. The important measures of promotion of sustainability in Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area are:

1. Strict and proper implementation of water management policy
2. The lining of watercourses, land development, and levelling and warabandi system shall be effectively implemented to reduce the conveyance loss of water.
3. People shall be encouraged to grow plantation crops such as citrus fruits instead of water intensive crops.
4. Poor farmers are provided adequate financial and institutional support for cultivation of land.
5. The agricultural and allied activities have to develop along with other sectors of economy
6. The areas affected by water logging and soil salinity shall be reclaimed.
7. The eco-development through afforestation, shelterbelt plantation and pasture development is necessary.