CBSE Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Revision notes chapter 8

CBSE Class 11 Indian Economic Development Revision Notes Chapter 8 – Infrastructure

 Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 of Class11 covers the various factors that contribute to the growth of the economy. These factors may also result in a social change that either benefits everyone or just a few.  It also discusses the types, importance and state of India’s infrastructure.

Class 11 Economics Chapter 8 Infrastructure is an interesting and important topic made accessible and easy to learn for students by Extramarks Revision Notes. These notes contain a concise form  of important concepts, which is useful for students to study effectively and easily remember these topics well for examinations.

Types of Infrastructure

Infrastructure: A central component of economic and social change that serves as a support system to help an economy function properly. There are two types of infrastructure:

  • Economic Infrastructure: It includes all aspects of economic change, including electricity, transportation, communications, etc., that serve as a foundation for economic expansion. These components  which are useful in production and distribution, help raise productivity and also act as a support system for the economy. It encourages growth, raising people’s standards of living in the process.
  • Social Infrastructure: It comprises key components of social change, including schools, colleges, hospitals, banks, etc. It is a support system for a country’s social development process. The social infrastructure places a strong emphasis on the development of human resources, or the development of skilled, productive, and healthy individuals. It improves the standard of living and human productivity. 

The Difference Between Economic Infrastructure and Social Infrastructure:

Economic Infrastructure Social Infrastructure
Directly helps the economic system i.e they have a direct impact on the goods and services Indirectly help the economic system i.e  they have an indirect impact on the goods and services
Improves quality of economic resources i.e economic growth Improves quality of human resources i.e human growth
Energy, Transportation etc. Health, Education etc.

 

The Importance of Infrastructure

  • Productivity increase: Infrastructure improvements, such as better roads and warehouses, all contribute to higher productivity. Farmers are able to easily sell their goods in the markets.
  • Market scale expansion: It is made possible by infrastructure because mass production can take up additional markets.
  • Enhance work capacity: Social infrastructure raises workers’ standards of living, which boosts productivity. Facilities like hospitals, schools, and other similar organisations have inherited expertise that increases production.
  • Encourage outsourcing: India is  fast emerging to prominence as a top outsourcing destination worldwide  for all types of outsourcing. For example, call centres, educational institutions, etc.
  • Building production links: For producing better inter-industrial linkages, transportation, education, banking, and financial systems must be stronger and improved.

State of India’s infrastructure

In comparison to China and Indonesia, India invests less in  infrastructure, at only 5% of GDP. Along with government collaboration, partnering between the public and private sectors is crucial to the development of the infrastructure. India needs to improve its infrastructure, particularly in rural areas  such as water, schools, electricity, hospitals and other basic amenities. .

The true essence of all production processes is energy. Energy is a necessary component of all production activities. The types of sources of energy are:

  1. Conventional Energy: These are well-known energy sources that have been in use for a long time. Coal, oil, natural gas, and electricity are some examples. They of  two types:
  2. Commercial sources: coal, oil and electricity. 
  3. Non-commercial sources: agricultural waste from firewood and dry manure. 
  4. Unconventional Energy: Although these energy sources have recently been discovered or studied, they are not used extensively. .

Energy/Electricity

Electricity is the most obvious form of energy and is typically associated with the advancement of modern civilisation.

Challenges Faced by the Power Industry

  • The installed power generation capacity in India, which is currently 20,000 MW per year, is insufficient to support the economic growth of 9%. Even the installed capacity has not been used to its full potential.
  • The National Electricity Board (NEB), which distributes electricity, lost more than 500 million as a result of transmission and distribution losses, inaccurate electricity prices, and other inefficiencies.
  • Foreign investors and private sector power producers haven’t  made a significant impact yet.
  • The public is generally uneasy  due to high electricity prices and lengthy blackouts in different parts of the country.
  • The thermal power plants, which are the backbone of India’s energy sector, face problems with raw material and coal shortages.

Health

It is a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being. The state of one’s health has a big impact on their capacity for work and quality of life.

Status of the Health Infrastructure

  • Although health indicators have improved and the organisations that provide health services have grown significantly since India’s independence, it is not enough for the country’s population, which is still growing at a fast pace.
  • The public health system and resources  are unable to accommodate the needs of the majority of the population.
  • There is a substantial difference between the rich and the poor in urban and rural areas when it comes to the use of medical and health services.
  • Women’s health issue is now a major concern for the nation as there are reports that female abortions and mortality rates are increasing.
  • Regulated health services provided by the private sector can help improve the health infrastructure. NGO and community involvement is crucial for delivering health services and raising health awareness through the media.

Revision Notes For CBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 8 Infrastructure

Infrastructure: Class 11 Chapter 8 Economics Revision Notes Summary

Class 11 Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 will define the infrastructure and discuss its significance for social and economic advancement. The textbook will thoroughly cover all the aspects and components of infrastructure. To help students grasp and absorb the new concepts, each and every concept  of this chapter will be thoroughly discussed along with concrete examples.

The first section of infrastructure covers the fundamental components of development, including communication, power, transportation, etc. The right balancing of these factors contributes to the advancement of the nation’s economy.

Social Infrastructure makes up education, institutions, banks, hospitals, and other components necessary for the welfare and growth of society. Students will learn the distinction between social infrastructure and economic infrastructure. These distinctions will be particularly useful in remembering the characteristics of both forms of development contained in infrastructure.

In the next section, a description of various points related to infrastructure can be found, like the benefits and importance of the development of infrastructure. These benefits can have a high level of productivity, increase market size and increase production.. Mutual benefits can be reaped by everyone in such a progressive society.

The next section discusses  the current situation of India’s infrastructure. These situations are affected by energy and its sources. We learn about the types of energy, the power sector and the challenges it faces regularly.

The last section is about  the health sector. The factors affecting our healthcare system and the significant disparity between the healthcare systems in urban and rural areas will be covered in this section.  The chapter will also expand on the issues India faces in this sector.

Extramarks Revision Notes for Class 11 Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 contain all the important information from the NCERT books written in a concise  and easy-to-understand  language which is easy to recall with better understanding. This is extremely useful during examination time when students need to recall important points and comprehend key concepts during exams.  This topic is new and interesting to learn, and Extramarks Revision Notes make it easier to grasp important points easily and make them revise quickly. They enjoy the process of learning conveniently and effortlessly at their own pace, no wonder students have complete faith and trust in Extramarks and the numbers are steadily growing. 

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

 Infrastructure is the underlying supporting mechanism of the  country’s economy that allows it to function properly.  The infrastructure consists of a variety of elements, including food, power, roads, industries, bridges, hospitals, and communication. By encouraging actions like savings in banks or mutual funds, production and investments across various industries, etc. These factors  support economic growth and development while fostering  the nation’s currency rotation in the process.

 There are several ways that infrastructure increases production.  They include

  • Facilities for irrigation aid farmers in increasing crop yield. If farmers lacked access to irrigation systems, they would be forced to rely on rainfall, which would result in lower production. .

 

  • Industries need a variety of resources to conduct managerial and operational-related tasks, including machinery, technology, transportation, and adequate equipment. The production of items will rise if these industries are provided with these basic facilities. Additionally, they will arrive in the market on schedule.

The infrastructure in rural areas is not as good as it is in urban areas. . Rural residents still rely on wood and animal waste like cow dung to meet their energy demands. They cultivate crops in their fields to earn a living.

In rural villages, 50 percent of households have access to electricity, and the other 50 percent still use kerosene to light their homes. For cooking, villagers use biofuel as they do not have access to LPG cylinders. There is also a lack of sanitation  and clean water. To boost the nation’s economy, the government must concentrate on improving rural infrastructure.

The differences between commercial and non-commercial sources of energy are:

  • Commercial energy sources require a fee or payment from the user. The industrial, agricultural, and transportation sectors all employ commercial energy sources to carry out their management- and operation-based tasks. Fuels like gasoline, natural gas, coal, etc. are examples of commercial energy sources.
  • Non-commercial energy sources, on the other hand, are available free of  charge. For domestic use, non-commercial energy sources are utilised. Other instances of non-commercial energy sources include firewood and cow dung.