NCERT Books Class 11

Students must prepare thoroughly for every subject to score well in exams. Often students come across some concepts which could be difficult for them to understand and that is when NCERT books Class 11 come handy.  Students must use Class 11 NCERT books for practice, revision and get clarity regarding  some complex topics..

The NCERT textbook Class 11 is available in both English and Hindi languages, making it easier for students to prepare for their exams irrespective of their medium. It covers all the important questions that are often asked in the examination so that students know exactly how to prepare for their final exam without wasting too much of their time. With the help of NCERT books, students can study any subject with ease.

NCERT Books Class  11

NCERT Books Class 11 PDF

• NCERT Books for Class 11: Maths
• NCERT Books for Class 11: Physics
• NCERT Books for Class 11: Chemistry
• NCERT Books for Class 11: Biology
• NCERT Books for Class 11: English
• NCERT Books for Class 11: Hindi
• NCERT Books for Class 11: Economics
• NCERT Books for Class 11: Accountancy
• NCERT Books for Class 11: Statistics
• NCERT Books for Class 11: Business Studies
• NCERT Books for Class 11 Psychology
• NCERT Books for Class 11 History
• NCERT Books for Class 11 Political Science
• NCERT Books for Class 11 Sociology

NCERT Solutions for Class  11

Mathematics:

1. Write the following sets in the set-builder form:

(i) (3, 6, 9, 12) 

(ii) {2, 4, 8, 16, 32}

Solution:

 (i) {3, 6, 9, 12}

The given set can be written in the set-builder form as {x: x = 3n, n ∈ N and 1 ≤ n ≤ 4}

(ii) {2, 4, 8, 16, 32}

We know that 2 = 21, 4 = 22, 8 = 23, 16 = 24, and 32 = 25.

Therefore, the given set {2, 4, 8, 16, 32} can be written in the set-builder form as {x: x = 2n, n ∈ N and 1 ≤ n ≤ 5}.

Physics:

1. It is often said that the world is witnessing a second industrial revolution, which will transform society as radically as did the first. List some key contemporary areas of science and technology, which are responsible for this revolution.

Ans: Some key contemporary areas of science and technology, which are chiefly responsible for a new industrial revolution taking place now and likely to take place in the near future are: 

(i) Design of super-fast computers.

1. ii) Biotechnology

iii) Developments in the field of space sciences

1. iv) Development of superconducting materials at room temperature
2. v) Advancements in the field of electronics, information technology and nanotechnology

Chemistry:

1. Calculate the molecular mass of the following:

(i) H20(ii) C02(iii) CH4

Ans.  (i) Molecular mass of H2O = 2(1.008 amu) + 16.00 amu=18.016 amu

(ii) Molecular mass of CO2= 12.01 amu + 2 x 16.00 amu = 44.01 amu

(iii) Molecular mass of CH4= 12.01 amu + 4 (1.008 amu) = 16.042 amu

Biology:

1. Why are living organisms classified?

Ans. Living organisms are classified because of the following reasons:

(i) Easy identification.

(ii)Study of organisms in other places.

(iii)Study of fossils

(iv)Grouping helps in the study of all types of organisms while it is impossible to study all of them.

English:

1. The three phases of the author’s relationship with his grandmother before he left to study abroad.

Ans. The three phases of the author’s relationship with his grandmother before he left the country to study abroad are-

• Childhood – when he went to the village school and the grandmother helped him to get ready and went to school with him.
• Boyhood – when he went to the city school in a bus. He shared a room with his grandmother but she could no longer help him in his studies.
• Early youth – when he went to the university and was given a room of his own. The common link of friendship was snapped.

Hindi:

प्रश्न 1. कबीर की दृष्टि में ईश्वर एक है। इसके समर्थन में उन्होंने क्या तर्क दिए हैं?

उत्तर. कबीर ने ईश्वर को एक माना है। उन्होंने इसके समर्थन में निम्नलिखित तर्क दिए हैं

संसार में सब जगह एक पवन व एक ही जल है।

सभी में एक ही ज्योति समाई है।

एक ही मिट्टी से सभी बर्तन बने हैं।

एक ही कुम्हार मिट्टी को सानता है।

सभी प्राणियों में एक ही ईश्वर विद्यमान है, भले ही प्राणी का रूप कोई भी हो।

प्रश्न 2. मानव शरीर का निर्माण किन पंच तत्वों से हुआ है?

उत्तर. मानव शरीर का निर्माण धरती, पानी, वायु, अग्नि व आकाश इन पाँच तत्वों से हुआ है। मृत्यु के बाद में तत्व अलग-अलग हो जाते हैं।

प्रश्न 3. जैसे बाढ़ी काष्ट ही काटै अगिनि न काटै कोई।

सब घटि अंतरि तूंही व्यापक धरै सरूपै सोई॥

इसके आधार पर बताइए कि कबीर की दृष्टि में ईश्वर का क्या स्वरूप है?

उत्तर. कबीरदास ईश्वर के स्वरूप के विषय में अपनी बात उदाहरण से पुष्ट करते हैं। वह कहते हैं कि जिस प्रकार बढ़ई लकड़ी को काट देता है, परंतु उस लकड़ी में समाई हुई अग्नि को नहीं काट पाता, उसी प्रकार मनुष्य के शरीर में ईश्वर व्याप्त है। शरीर नष्ट होने पर आत्मा नष्ट नहीं होती। वह अमर है। आगे वह कहता है कि संसार में अनेक तरह के प्राणी हैं, परंतु सभी के हृदय में ईश्वर समाया हुआ है और वह एक ही है। दूसरे शब्दों में कहा जा सकता है कि ईश्वर एक है। वह सर्वव्यापक तथा अजर-अमर है। वह सभी के हृदयों में आत्मा के रूप में व्याप्त है।

Economics:

Q 1. What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?

Ans. The economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India were concerned more with the protection and promotion of the economic interests of their home country rather than with the development of the Indian economy.

Thus, at the time of independence in 1947, India was a poor and underdeveloped country.  Indian agriculture was in a poor condition and mineral resources were not fully utilised. There were only a few industries and many of the cottage and small-scale industries had declined under British rule. Millions of people were unemployed, not because they were unwilling to work but because there were no jobs to be found. The per capita income of Indians was one of the lowest in the world, indicating that the average Indian was extremely poor and could not afford even the basic necessities of life. For instance, the staple food of the average Indian consisted of rice, wheat and millets (like jowar and bajra). Most Indians could not afford to buy a nutritious and balanced diet. A majority of people in India led a miserable life.

Accountancy:

1. Define accounting.

Ans. Accounting is a process of identifying the events of financial nature, recording them in a Journal, classifying in their respective ledgers, summarising them in Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet and communicating the results to the users of such information, viz. owner/s, government, creditors, investors etc.

According to the American Institute of Certified Accountants, 1941, “Accounting is an art of recording, classifying and summarising in a significant manner and in terms of money transactions and events that are, in part at least, of a financial character and interpreting the results thereof.”

Q2. Enumerate main objectives of accounting.

Ans.  The main objectives of accounting are given below.

• To keep a systematic record of all business transactions
• To determine the profit earned or loss incurred during an accounting period by preparing a profit and loss account
• To ascertain the financial position of the business at the end of each accounting period by preparing a balance sheet
• To assist management in decision making, effective control, forecasting, etc.
• To assess the progress and growth of the business from year to year
• To detect and prevent frauds and errors
• To communicate information to various users

Statistics:

Q1. Find the mean deviation about the median for the data 13, 17, 16, 14, 11, 13, 10, 16, 11, 18, 12, 17

Solution: First we have to arrange the given observations into ascending order,

10, 11, 11, 12, 13, 13, 14, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18.

The number of observations is 12

Then,

Median = ((12/2)th observation + ((12/2)+ 1)th observation)/2

(12/2)th observation = 6th = 13

(12/2)+ 1)th observation = 6 + 1

= 7th = 14

Median = (13 + 14)/2

= 27/2

= 13.5

So, the absolute values of the respective deviations from the median, i.e., |xi – M| are

3.5, 2.5, 2.5, 1.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 2.5, 2.5, 3.5, 3.5, 4.5

= (1/12) × 28

= 2.33

So, the mean deviation about the median for the given data is 2.33.

Business studies:

Q1. Why is business considered an economic activity?

Ans.  Business is considered  an economic activity when it is done with the purpose of earning money. The motive of a business is to earn profit primarily. However, there are some other objectives as well like increasing market share, improvement in productivity, employee satisfaction, consumer satisfaction, and social objectives but the primary goal   of business is to make profits. Therefore, it is called an economic activity.

Q2. Explain the concept of business.

Ans. Business is an economic activity involving the production and sale of goods and services undertaken with the motive of earning profit by satisfying human needs.

Q3. Characteristics of Business.

Ans. The main characteristics of business are as follows:

1. i) an economic activity: All business activities are economic activities and are done with the sole purpose of earning money.
2. ii) Production and procurement of goods and services: A business activity involves the production or procurement of goods and services. A manufacturer is involved in the production, while a shopkeeper is involved in procurement.

iii)Sale and exchange of goods and services for the satisfaction of human needs:  Any business activity which includes an exchange or transfer of services and goods to earn money. However, goods produced for personal consumption are not included in business activity.

iv)Dealing in goods and services on a regular basis: One time dealing in goods or services cannot be termed as a business activity. The business should happen on a regular basis.

1. v) Profit earning: Profit earning is the fundamental motive of doing a business. Other motives are there but they depend on the profit motive. No business can last long without making a profit.

vi)Uncertainty of returns: Returns can never be certain in business activity. This happens because of external factors which are outside the control of the business organisation.

 vii) Element of risk: An element of risk is always present in business activity.

Psychology:

1. What are the goals of scientific enquiry?

Ans. There  is diversity in types of research or studies undertaken by psychologists but they all seem to share some common goals of enquiry, which are as follows-:

Description – This helps to define the phenomena and distinguish it from other phenomenons.

• The description is necessary because any event or behaviour may have many aspects.
• For example, the idea of entertainment varies from reading books to going to pubs, depending on the individual.
• The recording of an event or behaviour is an integral part of the description.

Prediction – Means forecasting of events.

• It establishes a relationship between two variables.
• For example, one might say exercising leads to weight loss.
• In psychology all predictions are made within a certain margin of error i.e. they are not pin-pointed or exact.

Explanation – involves knowing the cause or the reason behind the behaviour.

• It also tries to understand the conditions under which a particular behaviour occurs. For example, a child behaves rudely whenever he is disturbed so his disturbances become the cause of his rude behaviour.

Control – Means creating change in the phenomenon or behaviour.

• It refers to making behaviour happen, reduction in it or enhancement in it.
• The changes produced by psychological treatment in terms of therapy are good examples of control.

Application

• Psychological research is often conducted to solve various problems faced by file society.
• Psychology helps in solving problems at the individual, organisational or community level.
• For example, therapies are provided to individuals and counselling is also there to help them.

At the file organisational level, various psychological concepts like work motivation are used to enhance performance. At the file community level, counselling is provided to help people engage in various, helpful and eco-friendly behaviours.

Computer Science (Python):

Q1. Name any two popular word processing software.

Ans. Two popular words processing software are-

• OO-writer
• MS-word

Q2.  What does ‘OS’ stand for?

Ans. OS stands for Operating System.

Q3. Identify the categories into which the software are classified.

Ans. Software is classified into the following two categories:

• System software
• Application software

NCERT Class XI Subject Wise Summary

• Mathematics: Mathematics is an interesting subject and scoring too, but students should pay extra attention while solving the problem.  A single error can result in a 0 score. You need to focus more on topics like trigonometric functions, Binomial theorem, probability, and introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry.
• Physics:  Physics is one of the  major subjects for  students who  opt for the Science stream and would like to pursue engineering in future. It is important to  understand the basics of elementary science while working on this subject.
• Chemistry: Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the nature of chemicals and chemical processes and therefore provides an insight into a variety of physical and biological phenomena. It is also known as central science because it combines physics and mathematics, biology and medicine, the earth and environmental sciences. Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the nature of chemicals and chemical processes and therefore provides an insight into a variety of physical and biological phenomena. It is also known as central science because it combines physics and mathematics, biology and medicine, the earth and environmental sciences.
• Biology: This is  an interesting subject for students who want to get into the medical or pharmaceutical fields.  Biology is the study of life and living organisms. It provides a scientific insight of how all living and nonliving organisms interact with each other. It also helps you to understand how diverse life forms are.
• English: English has become a major language for communication and it’s the most widely spoken language in the world.English Core, there are 2 books – Hornbill (Main Textbook) and Snapshots (Supplementary Reader). For English Elective, there is 1 book – Woven Words.
• If you improve your soft skills, it can complement your professional competence to a great extent. Take good interest in further improvising and learning thoroughly.

English has become a major language for communication and it’s the most widely spoken language in the world. English Core, there are 2 books – Hornbill (Main Textbook) and Snapshots (Supplementary Reader). For English Elective, there is 1 book – Woven Words.

• If you improve your soft skills, it can complement your professional competence to a great extent. Take good interest in further improvising and learning thoroughly.
• Business Studies: This subject is  especially interesting  for entrepreneurs   as they  study the concepts of business, trade and commerce.  Students will learn different aspects of the business. The business involves the use of raw materials and the production of goods and services. It provides a broad understanding of the business and specific areas of finance and human resources.
• Economics: Economics is a division of social science, which studies the way to use scarce  resources to produce valuable commodities and distribute them among different sections of society. This diverse subject is classified in different segments as micro and macroeconomics. Microeconomics talks about individual business decisions and Macroeconomics covers Government decisions in the country. The NCERT book for Class 11 economics subject covers both branches.
• Accountancy:  Accounting degrees commerce with a general introduction to foundational accounting topics reporting, recording, interpreting and summarising economic data. It helps the decision-makers to make effective choices for the company, by providing the financial status of the business. It is a branch of mathematical science that deals with the financial status of the companies, business entities etc.
• Statistics:  The NCERT book introduces – Statistics in Economics for students of commerce. In applied mathematics, statistics is a branch that deals with the collection, organisation and interpretation of data. It also provides the knowledge and understanding by which they can analyse and interpret the economic information and interpret the data meaningfully and arrive at a specific inference.
• Psychology: The NCERT book -Introduction to Psychology  which is the study of behaviour and the mind, is a new subject in Class XI and students may find it tough and require assistance. Extramarks Solutions may be of great use to  students to help find the solutions of different types of questions in the exam to prepare their base for the next level too.
• Hindi: The CBSE students can take Hindi as their second or first language. Hindi is comparatively easier than science subjects and requires less time to prepare. Students can easily get good grades if they follow the guidelines provided by Extramarks Solutions. CBSE Board has two options Hindi Elective and Hindi Core. Antra, Antral, Aroh, and Vitan are the four books that make up the Hindi Core and Elective syllabus.

Class 11 Physics Chapter-wise

(Available in Hindi Medium both part-I and part- II)

Physics Part-1 Book

• Chapter 1: Physical World
• Chapter 2: Units and Measurement
• Chapter 3: Motion in a Straight Line
• Chapter 4: Motion in a Plane
• Chapter 5: Laws of Motion
• Chapter 6: Work, Energy and Power
• Chapter 7: Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion
• Chapter 8: Gravitation

Physics Part-2 Book

• Chapter 9: Mechanical Properties of Solids
• Chapter 10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids
• Chapter 11: Thermal Properties of Matter
• Chapter 12: Thermodynamics
• Chapter 13: Kinetic Theory
• Chapter 14: Oscillations
• Chapter 15: Waves

भौतिकी भाग 1

• अध्याय 1: भौतिक जगत
• अध्याय 2: मातक और मापन
• अध्याय 3: सरल रखा में गति
• अध्याय 4: समतल में गति
• अध्याय 5: गति में नियम
• अध्याय 6: कार्य ऊर्जा और शक्ति
• अध्याय 7: कणो के निकाय तथा धूणी गति
• अध्याय 8: गुरुत्वाकषण

भौतिकी भाग 2

• अध्याय 9: ठोसों के यांत्रिक गुण
• अध्याय 10: तरलो के यांत्रिक गुण
• अध्याय 11: द्रव्य के तापीय गुण
• अध्याय 12: ऊष्मागतिकी
• अध्याय 13: अणुगति सिद्धांत
• अध्याय 14: दोलन
• अध्याय 15: तरंगे

Class 11 Chemistry Book Chapter wise

(Available in Hindi Medium both part-I and part- II)

Chemistry Part-1 

• Unit 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
• Unit 2: Structure of Atom
• Unit 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
• Unit 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
• Unit 5: States of Matter
• Unit 6: Thermodynamics
• Unit 7: Equilibrium

Chemistry Part 2 

• Unit 8: Redox Reactions
• Unit 9: Hydrogen
• Unit 10:The s-block Elements
• Unit 11: The p-Block Elements
• Unit 12: Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques
• Unit 13: Hydrocarbons
• Unit 14: Environmental Chemistry

रसायन . भाग 1 एनसीईआरटी किताब कक्षा -11

• एकक 1: रसायन विज्ञान की वुफछ मूल अवधरणाए
• एकक 2: परमाणु की संरचना
• एकक 3: तत्वों का वर्गीकरण एवं गुणधर्मों में आव£तता
• एकक 4: रासायनिक आबंधन तथा आण्विक संरचना
• एकक 5: द्रव्य की अवस्थाए
• एकक 6: ऊष्मागतिकी
• एकक 7: साम्यावस्था

रसायन . भाग 2 एनसीईआरटी किताब कक्षा -11

• एकक 8: अपचयोपचय अभिक्रियाए
• एकक 9: हाइड्रोजन
• एकक 10: एस.ब्लॉक तत्व
• एकक 11: पी ब्लॉक तत्व
• एकक 12: कार्बनिक रसायन: वुफछ आधरभूत सिद्धांत तथा तकनीके
• एकक 13: हाइड्रोकार्बन
• एकक 14: पर्यावरणीय रसायन

Class 11 Mathematics Book Chapter wise

(Available in Hindi Medium)

• Chapter 1: Sets
• Chapter 2: Relations and Functions
• Chapter 3: Trigonometric Functions
• Chapter 4: Principle of Mathematical Induction
• Chapter 5: Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
• Chapter 6: Linear Inequalities
• Chapter 7: Permutations and Combinations
• Chapter 8: Binomial Theorem
• Chapter 9: Sequences and Series
• Chapter 10: Straight Lines
• Chapter 11: Conic Sections
• Chapter 12: Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry
• Chapter 13: Limits and Derivatives
• Chapter 14: Mathematical Reasoning
• Chapter 15: Statistics
• Chapter 16: Probability

Mathematics Chapter in Hindi

• अध्याय 1: समुच्चय
• अध्याय 2: संबंध् एवं फलन
• अध्याय 3: त्रिकोणमितीय फलन
• अध्याय 4: गणितीय आगमन का सिद्धांत
• अध्याय 5: सम्मिश्र संख्याएँ और द्विघातीय समीकरण
• अध्याय 6:रैखिक असमिकाएँ
• अध्याय 7: क्रमचय और संचय
• अध्याय 8: द्विपद प्रमेय
• अध्याय 9: अनुक्रम तथा श्रेणी
• अध्याय 10: सरल रेखाएँ
• अध्याय 11: शंवुफ परिच्छेद
• अध्याय 12: त्रिविमीय ज्यामिति का परिचय
• अध्याय 13: सीमा और अवकलज
• अध्याय 14: गणितीय विवेचन
• अध्याय 15: सांख्यिकी
• अध्याय 16: प्रायिकता

Class 11 Biology Book Chapter wise

(Available in Hindi Medium)

Unit 1: Diversity in the Living World

• Chapter 1: The Living World
• Chapter 2: Biological Classification
• Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom
• Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom

Unit 2: Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals

• Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants
• Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
• Chapter 7: Structural Organisation in Animals

Unit 3: Cell- Structure and Functions

• Chapter 8: Cell: The Unit of Life
• Chapter 9: Biomolecules
• Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Unit 4: Plant Physiology

• Chapter 11: Transport in Plants
• Chapter 12: Mineral Nutrition
• Chapter 13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
• Chapter 14: Respiration in Plants
• Chapter 15: Plant Growth and Development

Unit 5: Human Physiology

• Chapter 16: Digestion and Absorption
• Chapter 17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases
• Chapter 18: Body Fluids and Circulation
• Chapter 19: Excretory Products and Their Elimination
• Chapter 20: Locomotion and Movement
• Chapter 21: Neural Control and Coordination
• Chapter 22: Chemical Coordination and Integration

Biology Chapters in Hindi

इकाई एक जीव जगत में विविध्त

• अध्याय 1: जीव जगत
• अध्याय 2: जीव जगत का वर्गीकरण
• अध्याय 3: वनस्पति जगत
• अध्याय 4: प्राणि जगत

इकाई दो पादप एवं प्राणियों में संरचनात्मक संगठन

• अध्याय 5: पुष्पी पादपों का आकारिकी
• अध्याय 6: पुष्पी पादपों का शारीर
• अध्याय 7: प्राणियों में संरचनात्मक संगठन

इकाई तीन कोशिकाः संरचना एवं काय

• अध्याय 8: कोशिका : जीवन की इकाई
• अध्याय 9: जैव अण
• अध्याय 10: कोशिका चक्र और कोशिका विभाजन

इकाई चार पादप कार्यकीय ;शरीर क्रियात्मकताद्ध

• अध्याय 11: पौधों में परिवहन
• अध्याय 12: खनिज पोषण
• अध्याय 13: उच्च पादपों में प्रकाश-संश्लेषण
• अध्याय 14: पादप में श्वसन
• अध्याय 15: पादप वृद्धि एवं परिवर्धन

इकाई पाँच मानव शरीर विज्ञान

• अध्याय 16: पाचन एवं अवशोषण
• अध्याय 17: श्वसन और गैसों का विनिमय
• अध्याय 18: शरीर द्रव तथा परिसंचरण
• अध्याय 19: उत्सर्जी उत्पाद एवं उनका निष्कासन
• अध्याय 20: गमन एवं संचलन
• अध्याय 21: तंत्रिकीय नियंत्राण एवं समन्वय
• अध्याय 22: रासायनिक समन्वय तथा एकीकरण

Why Choose NCERT Books for CBSE Exam Preparation?

Class 11 is a turning point for the students where they are introduced to different subject concepts, theories and even formulas that they may have not studied before. Understanding such aspects can be quite challenging for the students initially and that is why they should refer to NCERT books for exam preparation. Also, there are some other reasons that cannot be ignored, such as:

• Students can get a deep understanding of every topic which is covered in Class 11 Mathematics, Science, Economics and English, to name a few.
• The books can help students with self-evaluation. They can understand how clear they are about the subject or the topic. If there is still some scope of practise, they can refer to these books.
• Students can improve their knowledge of important topics, with the help of NCERT books not only sufficient to cover the entire CBSE syllabus but are also enough to cover all the basics and fundamentals on all topics in a simple and easy language