NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Human Reproduction

Biology helps students understand the structure and functioning of the human body, and Chapter 2: Human Reproduction is a core and high-weightage chapter in Class 12 Biology. This chapter explains the male and female reproductive systems, gamete formation, menstrual cycle, fertilisation, pregnancy, and parturition, forming a strong foundation for understanding human development.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 – Human Reproduction are prepared strictly according to the CBSE syllabus and exam pattern. These solutions cover important CBSE board questions asked between 2018 and 2025 and are written in simple, clear language with well-labelled diagrams and step-by-step explanations, helping students gain conceptual clarity, practise effectively, and score well in board examinations.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Human Reproduction

1) Q. What is oogenesis? Give a brief account of oogenesis.

Ans: Oogenesis is the formation of female gametes (ova) in the ovary. It involves multiplication (oogonia), growth (primary oocyte) and maturation (meiosis) resulting in one ovum and polar bodies.

2) Q. Draw a labelled diagram of a Graafian follicle.

Ans: Graafian follicle has antrum, ovum, zona pellucida, corona radiata, granulosa cells and theca interna & externa.

3) Q. What is parturition? Which hormones are involved in induction of parturition?

Ans: Parturition is the process of childbirth. Hormones involved are oxytocin, estrogen and prostaglandins.

4) Q. Describe the structure of a seminiferous tubule.

Ans: Seminiferous tubule consists of germinal epithelium (with spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells) surrounded by basement membrane and interstitial tissue containing Leydig cells.

5) Q. Fill in the blanks.

(a) sexually
(b) viviparous
(c) internal
(d) haploid
(e) diploid
(f) ovulation
(g) luteinising hormone (LH)
(h) fertilisation
(i) fallopian tube (oviduct)
(j) embryo / blastocyst
(k) placenta

6) Q. Draw a labelled diagram of male reproductive system.

Ans: Main parts: testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, urethra and penis.

7) Q. Draw a labelled diagram of female reproductive system.

Ans: Main parts: ovaries, fallopian tubes (oviducts), uterus, cervix and vagina.

8) Q. Write two major functions each of testis and ovary.

Ans:
Testis: (i) Sperm production, (ii) Secretion of testosterone.
Ovary: (i) Ovum production, (ii) Secretion of estrogen and progesterone.

9) Q. What is spermatogenesis? Briefly describe it.

Ans: Spermatogenesis is the formation of sperms from spermatogonia in testes. It involves mitosis, meiosis and differentiation to form spermatozoa.

10) Q. Define spermiogenesis and spermiation.

Ans: Spermiogenesis: transformation of spermatids into sperms.
Spermiation: release of sperms from Sertoli cells into seminiferous tubule lumen.

11) Q. Draw a labelled diagram of sperm.

Ans: Sperm consists of head (acrosome, nucleus), neck, middle piece (mitochondria) and tail.

12) Q. What are the major components of seminal plasma?

Ans: Fructose, calcium, bicarbonate, enzymes and prostaglandins.

13) Q. What are the major functions of male accessory ducts and glands?

Ans: They transport sperms and add secretions that nourish, activate and protect sperms.

14) Q. Draw a labelled diagram of a section through ovary.

Ans: Ovary shows germinal epithelium, cortex, medulla, follicles at different stages and corpus luteum.

15) Q. Identify True/False statements.

(a) False – Androgens are produced by Leydig cells.
(b) True
(c) False – Leydig cells are in testis.
(d) True
(e) False – Oogenesis occurs in ovary.
(f) True
(g) True

16) Q. What is menstrual cycle? Which hormones regulate it?

Ans: Menstrual cycle is the monthly reproductive cycle in females. It is regulated by FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone.

17) Q. Why women are not responsible for giving birth to daughters?

Ans: Sex of the child is determined by the sperm (X or Y chromosome) from father, not by the mother.

18) Q. How many eggs are released in a month? What about twins?

Ans: One egg per month.
Identical twins: one egg.
Fraternal twins: two eggs.

19) Q. Name the hormones regulating spermatogenesis.

Ans: FSH, LH and testosterone.

20) Q. How many eggs were released if a dog gives birth to 6 puppies?

Ans: Six eggs were released (one egg for each puppy).

FAQs: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 – Human Reproduction

Q1. Why is Human Reproduction important for Class 12 Biology?

This chapter explains human reproductive processes and carries high weightage in CBSE board exams. It is also extremely important for NEET and other medical entrance exams.

Q2. How many marks are usually asked from this chapter in board exams?

Typically, 5 to 8 marks worth of questions are asked, including diagram-based, short-answer, and long-answer questions.

Q3. Are NCERT Solutions enough to prepare this chapter?

Yes. NCERT textbook content, diagrams, and NCERT Solutions are sufficient for CBSE board exams, as most questions are directly based on NCERT.

Q4. Which topics are most important for exams?

The most important topics include:

  • Male and female reproductive systems

  • Spermatogenesis and oogenesis

  • Menstrual cycle

  • Fertilisation and implantation

Q5. Why do students find Human Reproduction difficult?

Students often face difficulty due to:

  • Multiple biological terms

  • Diagram-based questions

  • Understanding hormonal regulation

Regular revision and diagram practice help overcome these challenges.

Q6. Is Human Reproduction important for NEET?

Yes. This is a high-priority NEET chapter, with frequent MCQs, assertion–reason, and diagram-based questions asked from it.