NCERT Solution for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12
Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 NCERT Solutions are prepared by subject experts who have many years of experience in their respective fields. The solutions by Extramarks are the best online learning aids for students who want to score high marks in board exams, pursue higher studies or crack competitive exams.
Based on the updated syllabus, the solutions would help you score high marks in the chemistry exam and gain more knowledge. All the solutions are written in a very simple language so that you can understand the basics of chemistry with ease.
NCERT Solution for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 – Organic Chemistry – Some Principles and Techniques
Chapter 12 is about all the concepts related to the composition of the variety of non-living things that exist in our environment. Students will understand the concepts deeply and chemical compositions and reactions that take place from the combination of different elements. Class 11 Chemistry NCERT Solutions cover chapters with all important questions and answers explained in a detailed way.
NCERT Solution for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Free Download
NCERT Solution for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Free Download
Chapter 12 – Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques
Here’s an overview of the concepts covered in Chapter 12 – Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques
12.1 General Introduction
In this section students will read about – what is meant by the catenation of carbon elements and that this property is the reason why carbon forms covalent bonds with other elements. Students will get to know why organic chemistry is a separate branch and the concepts it focuses on. They will read about the history of organic chemistry and how the electronic theory of covalent bonds led to the concept of organic chemistry.
12.2 Tetravalency of Carbon
This section talks about the shapes of organic compounds. Hybridisation involves the s and p orbital that result in three types of hybridisation:
- sp3 found in alkanes
- sp2, found in alkenes. It is tetrahedral in shape
- sp, found in alkynes. It is the planar structure
12.4 Classification of Organic Compounds
Since organic compounds are always increasing, it has become important to classify them based on their structures. Here’s the broad classification of organic compounds:
- Open chain compounds (Acyclic) – Straight or branched chain compounds such as Ethane (CH3CH3).
- Closed Chain Compounds (Cyclic or Ring) – Carbon atoms in these compounds are joined in the shape of a ring. Atoms other than carbon atoms can also be present in these compounds. Cyclohexane is an example of such a compound.
- Homocyclic (Carbocyclic) Compounds – These consist only of carbon atoms.
- Alicyclic compounds
- Aromatic compounds
- Benzenoid Compounds – Benzene, Aniline, etc.
- Non-Benzenoid Compounds – Tropolone
- Heterocyclic Compounds – They have atoms other than carbon atoms in them
12.5 Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) system of nomenclature is used for naming organic compounds. In IUPAC, names are related to their structures, so anyone can deduce the structures by reading the names. The IUPAC system follows the following method:
- Organic compounds are named after their parent hydrocarbon, which is the word root.
- The parent name is modified using prefixes and suffixes.
- The word root is the denominator of the number of carbon atoms present in the principal chain. For example – C1 is meth, C2 is eth, C3 is prop and C4 is but.
- The primary suffix is denoted by the type of bond in the carbon atoms. For instance, for a C-C bond, the primary suffix is ane and for a C=C bond, it is ene.
- The secondary suffix is the functional group that is considered as a substituent. For example, F is Fluoro, Cl is Chloro and NO is nitroso.
Key Features of NCERT Solution for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12
Chapter 12 covers techniques and principles of organic chemistry. Chemistry Class 11 NCERT Solutions Chapter 12 have answers to all the questions that students might need help in finding solutions to. Students get the updated solutions that are in line with the latest syllabus.