Important Questions Class 7 Social Science Our Past 2 Chapter 4

Important Questions Class 7 Social Science Our Pasts 2 Chapter 4

History shows us what it means to be human by highlighting the massive victories and devastating failures of humans. History also teaches us by giving us concrete examples of how to organise societies in a way that benefits everyone. The fourth chapter in Class 7 Social Science Our Pasts 2 is The Mughal Empire. It explains how the Mughals expanded their empire from Agra and Delhi in the second half of the 16th century, eventually gaining control of the entire subcontinent by the early 17century and it declined by the end of the 17 century which gave rise to many independent provinces. . Their structure of administration and ideas of governance was quite successful. The chapter also gives details  about the Mughals, their military campaigns, their tradition of succession , and other facets of the Mughal Empire. Chapter 4 Class 7 Social Science Our Pasts 2 Important Questions help students grasp the root of the chapter. It carries significant weightage in the Social Science syllabus. Students can easily access all this and more on Extramarks’ website.

History is one subject that requires constant reading and revisions. We at Extramarks understand the importance of providing solutions to questions. History subject experts from Extramarks have prepared important questions after consistently working  and researching  from numerous sources, such as the NCERT Textbook, NCERT Exemplar, other reference books, past years’ exam papers, and so on. History academicians at Extramarks have created step-by-step solutions to help students comprehend each chapter in a better way. Students can register with Extramarks and access Social Science Our Pasts 2 Class 7 Chapter 4 Important Questions.

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Important Questions Class 7 Social Science Our Pasts 2 Chapter 4- with Solutions

Extramarks subject experts have developed a list of Important Questions Class 7 Social Science Our Pasts 2 Chapter 4 from various primary and secondary sources. The questions comprise the Mughal Empire and how they grew their empire from Agra and Delhi and eventually took control of the entire subcontinent by the early 17th century and it declined by the end of the 17 century which gave rise to many independent provinces.  Their structure of administration and ideas of governance was quite successful. The chapter also gives details about the Mughals, their military campaigns, their tradition of succession, and other facets of the Mughal Empire. These questions and solutions help students with a list of questions and their answers from which they get an idea of the actual exam pattern. 

Given below are a few Important Questions Class 7 Social Science Our Pasts 2 Chapter 4 and their Solutions:

Question 1. Peasants were vital for the economy of the Mughal Empire. Do you think that they are as important today? Has the gap in the income between the rich and the poor in India changed a great deal from the period of the Mughals?

Answer 1. Peasants still play an essential role in society as they did under the Mughal Empire. They cultivate the land and produce food, which is essential for human survival. The government receives land money from them, which is utilised for various developmental projects. Without them, we cannot imagine a healthy society and a developing economy. They serve as the foundation of any nation.

Question 2. What were the central provinces under the control of the Mughals?

Answer 2. The key provinces under the control of the Mughals were – Delhi, Kabul, Mewar, Deccan, Orissa, Gujarat, Bengal, Marwar, Bihar, Chittor and Sindh.

Question 3. How did the Mughals succeed in ruling the subcontinent with such success?

Answer 3. The Mughals succeeded in ruling almost the entire subcontinent due to following reasons:

  • In stark contrast to their predecessors, the Mughals established an empire and controlled it for a long time which is unparalleled in history.
  • They imposed robust structures of administration and new governance frameworks that helped them manage their provinces.
  • They expanded their dominance from the later half of the sixteenth century up to the seventeenth century and brought Agra to Delhi under their rule.
  • Nearly the whole subcontinent was under their control during this period.
  • They continued their time in power and left behind a political legacy that the future subcontinental emperors could not ignore.

Question 4. Like the Mughal Empire, India today is also made up of many social and cultural units. Does this pose a challenge to national integration?

Answer 4. India today has numerous social and cultural groups. However, this does not threaten national integration s:

  • We have a single system of government with uniform laws and standards that apply to all of our residents, regardless of their area or religion.
  • We have a constitution that protects everyone’s rights and outlines their responsibilities.
  • Instead of being divided into several states or regions with various rulers, we are now one nation.

There are social conflicts that arise but the different communities work together and solve these issues in an amicable way. And wherever India faces any external threat, all Indians become united and come together. The war of Kargil is one such example. Everyone came together and put the nation first to win the war. 

Question 5. What was the relationship between the mansabdar and the jagir?

Answer 5. The relationship between mansabdars and jagirs:

  • When Akbar was the Mughal emperor, the mansabdari system was in place.
  • High-level officials known as mansabdars entered the royal service under the rule of the Mughals.
  • The empire paid the mansabdars a certain stipend that established their status for their service. 
  • Their status in the royal court was indicated by their rank and pay, which were also referred to as zat.
  • The collection of funds from locations is one of the mansabdars’ responsibilities. Jagir I was a revenue assignment given as salary to the mansabdars.
  • A mansabdar was an individual who held a mansab, meaning a position or rank. He did not receive his salary in cash.
  • Most of the time, the mansabdar did not live in the jagir; instead, he dispatched men from his service to collect taxes while the king was being served elsewhere in the empire.

Question 6. In which year did Akbar become the emperor? Explain his governing style.

Answer 6. Akbar 1556-1605: When Akbar became emperor, he was 13 years old:

  • Akbar gained independence from the regent Bairam Khan and other members of his domestic staff between the years 1556 and 1570. To put down the uprising of his half-brother Mirza Hakim, the Uzbeks, the Suris and other Afghans, and the neighbouring kingdoms of Malwa and Gondwana, military operations were started. The Sisodiya capital of Chittor was taken in 1568, and Ranthambhor in 1569.
  • Military operations in Gujarat were followed by operations in the east in Bihar, Bengal, and Orissa between 1570 and 1585. The Mirza Hakim-supporting uprising in 1579–1580 made these missions more difficult.
  • Expansion of Akbar’s dominion from 1585 until 1605. There were campaigns started in the northwest.
  • The Safavids were forced to surrender Qandahar.
  • After Mirza Hakim’s passing, Kabul and Kashmir were both conquered.
  • Berar, Khandesh, and some of Ahmadnagar were annexed as a result of campaigns that were launched in the Deccan.
  • In the later years of his rule, Prince Salim, who would eventually become  Emperor Jahangir, caused Akbar to remain preoccupied with his insurrection. 

Question 7. Why was it important for the Mughals to recruit mansabdars from diverse backgrounds and not just Turanis and Iranis?

Answer 7. It was crucial for the Mughals to employ mansabdars from different backgrounds, not simply Turanis and Iranis, because of various reasons:

  • As a result of the expansion of the empire, it was necessary to include several new provinces and areas, and stability within the empire was required.
  • Besides Turkish nobles (Turanis) they also included Indian Muslims, Afghans, Iranians, Rajputs, Maratha and other groups.
  • People who interact with people daily will be able to better understand their difficulties.
  • The Mughals also didn’t want the Turanis and Iranis to rise against them regarding privileges.
  • They came here to rule; thus, to maintain control over the nation, they had to appreciate its diversity. .

Question 8. What was the role of the zamindar in the Mughal administration?

Answer 8. The Mughals referred to all middlemen as “zamindars,” even strong chieftains and regional headmen of villages. In the Mughal government, the zamindar’s job was to extort money from the peasants through taxes and other revenue. They served as a bridge between the Mughals and the ordinary people; in some regions, the zamindars held a lot of influence.

Question 9. How important was the income from land revenue in maintaining the stability of the Mughal Empire?

Answer 9.The income from land revenue was important in maintaining the stability of the Mughal Empire for several reasons:

  • Revenues from peasants and agricultural goods were the Mughal empire’s primary sources of income. The Zamindars gathered this money and gave it to the Mansabdars. The money was placed in the Mughal treasury.
  • These taxes were used to cover the salaries of the military, government employees, and people working for ordinary people’s welfare.The administrative expenditure was so vast and this could be met with this revenue collected from various provinces only.
  • Revenue was important for the payment of salaries of the soldier, officials and other welfare workers.
  • Land revenue was the essential source of wealth for maintaining peace and order across the empire.

Question 10. How were the debates with religious scholars important in the formation of Akbar’s ideas on governance?

Answer 10. In the 1570s, Zoroastrians, Catholic Jesuit priests, Brahmanas and Ulama, participated in a religious conversation with Akbar. These conversations occurred while he stayed in the ibadat khana at Fatehpur Sikri. Because of his curiosity about other people’s religions and social mores, Akbar saw that the teachings of many faiths led to conflict and division among his subjects. So, Akbar developed a concept called “sulh-i kul,” which was centred on an ethical framework of truthfulness, justice, and peace. Abul Fazl assisted Akbar in developing a system of government centred on the concept of sulh-i kul, which was adopted by  Jahangir and Shah Jahan. 

In the above section of Important Questions Class 7 Social Science Our Pasts 2 Chapter 4 all the significant topics of the chapter are covered.

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Q.1 Major campaigns continue under the legacy of Shah Jahan in the Deccan.
1. Elaborate the Mughal campaigns during the era of Shah Jahan. (3 marks)
2. What led to the murder of Shah Jahan’s 3 sons? (2 marks)

Marks:5

Ans

1) Various campaigns were highlighted in the era of Shah Jahan. Khan Jahan Lodi, an Afghan nobleman, revolted and was vanquished. Campaigns against Ahmadnagar were begun; the Bundelas were beaten, and Orchha was taken. The battle to retake Balkh from the Uzbeks in the north-west failed, and Qandahar fell to the Safavids. The Bijapur army pleaded for peace when Ahmadnagar was ultimately taken in 1632.
2) Between 1657 and 1658, Shah Jahan’s sons fought for the succession to the throne. Aurangzeb emerged successful after murdering his three brothers including Dara Shukoh.

Q.2 When Akbar became Emperor, he was 13 years old, and his rule was split into three eras.
1. Describe the revolts occurred during these three reigns of Akbar. (3 marks)
2. Where were the military campaigns launched? (2 marks)

Marks:5

Ans

1) The three reigns of Akbar include three major events. The first one is the revolt of Mirza Hakim (half-brother) and Uzbegs. Secondly, military campaigns initiated in Gujarat but followed across the country, however, these became more complicated by some revolts in support of Mirza Hakim. Lastly, the last era was filled by distractions for Akbar by the rebellion of Jahangir.

2) Military expeditions were started against Suris and some Afghans, as well as the neighbouring kingdoms of Gondwana and Malwa, as well as his half-brother Mirza Hakim and the Uzbegs, who were revolting.

Q.3 What were the military campaigns in the era of Jahangir?

Marks:3

Ans

Jahangir continued the campaigns that his father had endorsed upon. He went against the Amar Singh, the Sisodiya ruler of Mewar who later accepted Mughal service on negotiation. Jahangir was not the most famous for his military might but his artistic sense. Thus there were many petty victories to his mae such as the campaigns he took against Sikhs, Ahoms and the Ahmadnagar.

Q.4 How were the Mughals different from their predecessors?

Marks:5

Ans

In the Middle Ages, governing a vast country such as the Indian subcontinent with such a diverse population and culture was a challenging undertaking for any leader. Unlike their forefathers, the Mughals built an empire and accomplished what had previously only appeared conceivable for short periods of time. They extended their dominion from Agra and Delhi in the later part of the sixteenth century until they dominated practically the whole subcontinent by the seventeenth century. They established administrative systems and governance principles that survived their authority, establishing a political legacy that successive subcontinent rulers could not ignore.

Q.5 Abul Fazl wrote a three-volume history of Akbar’s reign, titled Akbar Nama.
Q1. Briefly describe Akbar Nama. (3 marks)
Q2. What is the most intriguing feature of the third volume of Akbar Nama? (2 marks)

Marks:5

Ans

1. Akbar Nama, a three-volume history of Akbar’s reign, was written by Abul Fazl. The first volume concentrated on Akbar’s predecessors. The events of Akbar’s reign were chronicled in the second volume. The Ain-i Akbari is the third volume. It comprises Akbar’s government, household, and military, as well as his empire’s revenues and geography. It also contains a wealth of information about the Indian people’s traditions and culture.
2. The Ain-i Akbari is the third volume of Akbar Nama. The Ain-i Akbari’s most intriguing feature is its wealth of statistical information on crops, yields, prices, wages, and revenues.

Q.6 Jahangir, Akbar’s son, described his father’s policy of sulh-i kul.
Q1. What influenced Akbar’s decision to build Sulh-i-kul? (3 marks)
Q2. What exactly is Sulh-i kul, also known as universal peace? (2 marks)

Marks:5

Ans

1. In the 1570s, at Fatehpur Sikri, Akbar began religious conversations with people of various faiths. Ulemas, Brahmanas, Jesuit Catholic priests, and Zoroastrians were all present. Ibadat Khana was the location of these discussions. The discussions were about social and religious traditions. These meetings assured him that religious scholars are hatemongers. They put a greater emphasis on rituals and belief systems. Their principles cause societal distinctions. Sulh-i-Kul, or ‘Universal Peace’ was born as a result of this.
2. In Akbar’s realm, Sulh-i kul was a concept of tolerance that did not discriminate between people of different religions. It centered on a universally applicable ethical system – truthfulness, justice, and harmony. Abul Fazl aided Akbar in framing a governance view based on the concept of Sulh-i kul. Both Jahangir and Shah Jahan adhered to this principle of governance.

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FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

1. How can students use the Important Questions Class 7 Social Science Our Pasts 2 Chapter 4 to prepare for the annual examination?

To help students study their concepts and perform better on the exam day, the Important Questions Class 7 Social Science Our Pasts 2 Chapter 4 offers clear solutions for each topic and each exercise covered in the chapter. To get good grades in exams students must refer to past years’ question papers, practice questions from NCERT book and stick to a study schedule and follow it religiously to come out with flying colours.

2. According to NCERT Solutions for Class 7 History Chapter 4, who were the Mughals?

According to the Class 7 NCERT textbook, the Mughals were descended from two distinguished lineages of kings. They were descended from Genghis Khan on their mother’s side, who overthrew the Mongol emperors who reigned over portions of China and Central Asia. They were Timur’s successors on their paternal side, the former tyrant of Iran, Iraq, and modern-day Turkey.