Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 9

Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 9

History may be defined as the examination of  human  history  through the study and interpretation of written, visual, and spoken sources. History’s primary goals are to investigate historical continuity and change. The ninth chapter of Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 is The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947. The emergence of nationalism is covered in Chapter 9 of NCERT Our Pasts-III. The political organisations that emerged after 1850, particularly those that did so in the 1870s and 1880s, began to express the nationalists’ awareness in a distinctly defined way. In addition to reading about how the First and Second World Wars affected the Indian struggle  for  freedom , students will also learn about how the it  shaped Satyagrahas and agitation. The Dandi March and Mahatma Gandhi’s participation in the conflict are also covered in Chapter 9 of Our Pasts-III. The emergence of the Muslim League  and their demand for “Independent State” and  later  the birth of Pakistan- a new country  will also be covered in Chapter 9 Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Important Questions. 

Subjects like History require ongoing revisions and students need to pay close attention to get good grades. Extramarks professionals have developed Social Science Our Pasts 3 Class 8 Chapter 9 Important Questions using NCERT Textbook, other reference books, past exam papers, and other sources. History experts have compiled a list of step-by-step solutions to assist students in understanding each chapter. Students can register with Extramarks and access Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 9 Important Questions. 

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Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 9- with Solutions

The History faculty experts at  Extramarks has produced an entire list of Important Questions Class 7 Social Science Our Pasts 2 Chapter 2 from various sources. The emergence of nationalism is covered in Chapter 9 of NCERT Our Pasts-III. The political organisations that emerged after 1850, particularly those that did so in the 1870s and 1880s, began to express the nationalists’ awareness in a distinctly defined way. In addition to reading about how the First and Second World Wars affected Indian freedom , students will also learn about how the struggle shaped Satyagrahas and agitation. The Dandi March and Mahatma Gandhi’s participation in the quit India movement  are also covered in Chapter 9 of Our Pasts-III. These questions and solutions help students better comprehend The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947.

Here are a few Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 9 and their solutions:

Q1. Who were the Moderates? How did they propose to struggle against British rule?

Answer 1. The leaders of the moderate movement aimed to increase public awareness of the injustice of British rule. They printed newspapers, produced articles, and demonstrated how British control was causing the nation’s economic collapse. In their lectures, they criticised British control and dispatched delegates to various regions of the nation to enlist public support. They believed the British would honour Indians’ fair requests since they respected the concepts of justice and freedom. Therefore, it was imperative to voice these requests and inform the government about  the sentiments of Indians.

Q2. Why did the people rebel against British rule?

Answer 2. In the 1870s and the 1880s, there were many reasons why people were unhappy with British rule, some of which are as follows:

  • The Arms Act of 1878 made it illegal for Indians to own guns.
  • If a newspaper published something “objectionable,” the Vernacular Press Act of 1878 gave the government the right to take the paper’s assets, including its printing equipment.

Q3. Discuss those developments of the 1937-47 period that led to the creation of Pakistan.

Answer 3. The following are the sequence of  events that led  to the formation of Pakistan: 

  • A hypothesis of two nations the Muslim League started to view Muslims as a separate “nation” from Hindus in the late 1930s.
  • After the 1937 provincial elections, the League was sure that Muslims would always be in the minority and thus always be in second place in whatever be the democratic system. Muslims, it was thought, would be excluded and remain in a minority. y.
  • The Muslim League and the Congress were at odds. In 1937, a rift developed between the two parties due to Congress rejecting the Muslim League’s proposal for a combined Congress-League government in the United Provinces. The League was  enraged.
  • The Congress failed to organise the Muslim population in the 1930s, leaving the Muslim League with a sizable mass support base. As a result, the Muslim League increased the size of its social base. In the early 1940s, while most of the Congressmen were behind bars, it tried to extend its appeal.
  • Failure of negotiations – After the Second World War ended in 1945, the British started discussing India’s independence with the Congress, the League, and themselves. The discussions failed, however, because the League believed it was the only voice for Muslims in India, a stance that Congress could not accept. After all, many Muslims continued to support it.
  • Provincial elections in 1946: In 1946, there were further provincial elections. Despite the League’s surprise victory in seats with solely Muslim voters, the Congress performed well in “General” districts. Because of this, more individuals longed for a Muslim-only nation.
  • Once again, negotiations fell. In March 1946, the British government dispatched a three-person team to Delhi to examine the demand and establish an appropriate political framework for a complimentary India. This mission recommends that India remain whole and create a loose confederation with some autonomy for regions having most Muslims. However, it was unsuccessful in convincing the Muslim community and Congress. Now, partition was  inevitable.
  • Following the failure of the Cabinet Mission, the Muslim League intended to employ mass agitation to forward its aim of establishing Pakistan. It designated August 16 as “Direct Action Day” in 1946. On this day, riots broke out in Calcutta, lasting many days and resulting in tens of thousands of deaths. The unrest had expanded over Northern India by March 1947.
  • Partition: Indian subcontinent was partioned into two separate independent nation states with the Hindu majority in India and Pakistan was finally created with muslim majority. 

Q4. Explain how people viewed Mahatma Gandhi during the battle for independence.

Answer. Mahatma Gandhi was seen as a kind of messiah  who could free India from British rule  and help them to  get out of poverty and misery. Gandhiji was also expected to support the peasants in their uprising against the zamindars. Gandhiji greatly influenced the Pratapgarh peasants because they thought he was the one who put a halt to the unlawful deportation of tenants. Gandhiji was therefore revered as an influential figure in their fight for freedom.

Q5. Why did Gandhiji choose to break the salt law?

Answer 5. The British government was given authority over the manufacture and distribution of salt by legislation. Sales of  salt  were furthermore subject to  tax. Mahatma Gandhi and other national leaders believed it unfair to charge an essential food  item like salt. The leaders decided to object to the tax. In 1930, Gandhiji said he would lead a march to end the prohibition on salt. All people, wealthy and poor alike, had a desire for freedom, which served as the impetus for the Salt March. From Sabarmati to Dandi, Gandhiji and his supporters marched about 240 kilometres. They disobeyed official orders by gathering  natural salt from the seashore  and boiling it to produce salt, violating local laws. Peasants, Tribal members, and women  participated in large numbers. Some pamphlets describe the Salt Satyagraha.

Q6. How did moderates and radicals differ in their perspectives on the British? Explain.

Answer 6. The politics of the radicals in Congress differed from those of the moderates in several ways. The Radicals criticised the Moderates for being too tolerant of the British and choosing nonviolence. They insisted on using unusual tactics to fight for independence. Punjab, Bengal, and Maharashtra were epicentres of the radical movement. Leaders like Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Bepin Chandra Pal were referred to as “Lal Bal Pal” before Gandhi entered politics for their opposition to the British. They were rigid that the people should rely on their strength rather than the British government’s good intentions.

Q7. How did the Radicals’ politics within Congress differ from that of the Moderates?

Answer 7. The radicals promoted widespread mobilisation and a boycott of British institutions and products in the struggle for swaraj. Additionally, some people started advocating “revolutionary violence” to remove the British from power. On the other side, moderates preferred to adhere to the British-imposed laws, regulations, and order. They adhered to the “praying practice” that the radicals vehemently rejected.

Q8. How is it possible to claim that the Congress’s leaders were moderates? Share your opinions.

Answer 8. Following its creation and for the next 20 years, Congress remained moderate in its methods and objectives. Romesh Chandra Dutt, Dadabhai Naoroji, W.C. Bonnerjee, and S. Subramania Iyer were examples of moderate leaders. They decided to confront the British with nonviolence. These politicians aimed to increase widespread awareness about the unfairness of British rule. They started newspapers and published articles showing how British rule damaged the Indian economy. They assumed the British would accede to the Indians’ requests because they respected justice and freedom. They felt forced to state their demands. As a result, to inform the government of the Indian mindset.

Q9. Discuss the various forms that the non-cooperation movement took in different parts of India. How did the people understand Gandhiji?

Answer 9. In 1921 and 1922, the Non-Cooperation Movement gathered momentum.

  • Numerous students stopped attending public schools and institutions.
  • Many lawyers withdrew from practice.
  • The British championships were given up.
  • Public bonfires made of foreign fabric were lit.
  • Legislative sessions were avoided.

Most of the requests for non-cooperation were based on regional complaints.

  • Gujarati Patidar peasants protested peacefully against the British government’s unreasonable demands for land tax.
  • In central Tamil Nadu and coastal Andhra Pradesh, liquor outlets were picketed.
  • In Andhra Pradesh’s Guntur region, tribal and underprivileged peasants rebelled against the colonial state for restricting their access to forest resources. They organised several “forest satyagraha” to avoid paying grazing fees and released their animals into the forests.
  • The British-backed Sikh Akali movement in Punjab sought to oust corrupt mahants from their gurudwaras.
  • Assam’s tea estate workers want a large pay increase. When their demands were not satisfied, they left the plantations held by the British.

Gandhiji was anticipated as a saviour who would help people escape their pain and misery . Peasants believed he would support them in their struggle against zamindars, while agricultural labourers thought he would provide them with the land.

In the above section of Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 9, all the essential topics of the chapter are covered.

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Q.1 What was the Permanent Settlement

Marks:5
Ans

In 1793, the Company finally implemented the Permanent Settlement. The rajas and talukdars were recognized as zamindars under the conditions of the agreement. They were given the task of collecting rent from the peasants and sending the money to the Company. The payment to be paid was set in stone, meaning it could not be increased in the future. This was thought to assure a steady stream of cash into the Company’s coffers while also inspiring the zamindars to finance in the development of the land. Since the state’s revenue requirement would not be raised, the zamindar will earn from the increased land output.

Q.2 In the British territories in the south, there was a similar move away from the idea of Permanent Settlement.
1. How was the new system developed in south India (3 marks)
2. Why did Munro feel they should be protecting the ryots (2 marks)

Marks:5
Ans

1) The ryotwar or ryotwari was the name given to the new system that was devised. Captain Alexander Read experimented with it on a modest scale in some of the territories that the Company took over after the Tipu Sultan battles. This technique was later refined by Thomas Munro and progressively expanded throughout south India.

2) There were no conventional zamindars in the south, according to Read and Munro. They claimed that a settlement should be reached directly with the cultivators (ryots) who had worked the land for generations. Before the revenue assessment, their fields had to be properly and independently assessed.

Q.3 By the early nineteenth century, many of the Company officials were convinced that the system of revenue had to be changed again.
1. Define Holt Mackenzies revenue policy. (3 marks)
2. Where did he devise this plan and why (2 marks)

Marks:5
Ans

1) Collectors travelled from village to village, inspecting the land, estimating the fields, and documenting the traditions and rights of various groups, all under his orders. To compute the income that every village (mahal) had to pay, the expected revenue of each plot within a village was totaled up. This need was to be reviewed on a regular basis rather than being set in stone. The village headman, not the zamindar, was responsible for managing the revenue and producing it for the Company. The Mahalwari settlement was the title given to this system.

2) An Englishman called Holt Mackenzie developed the new system in the Bengal Presidency’s North-Western Provinces, which went into action in 1822. He thought that the village was a strong social establishment in north Indian culture and that it should be conserved.

Q.4 Till late nineteenth century, planters were reluctant to expand the area under nij cultivation.
I) What were the reasons behind the reluctance of the planters (3)
II) What was an alternate cultivation option for them (2)

Marks:5
Ans

I) Indigo was supposed to be cultivated on fertile soil but the area was already very populated. Nij cultivation also required a massive number of bullocks and ploughs which were difficult to arrange. The ploughs and bullocks were used on the rice fields at the same time when there was a demand for them in indigo cultivation.
II) There were two ways of indigo cultivation. One was nij cultivation whereas the alternate way of cultivation was the ryoti system.

Q.5 By the end of 18th century, the demand for Indian Indigo grew further.
I) Why was there an increase in demand for Indigo by the end of the 18th century (2)
II) Why was there an increase specifically in Indian indigo only and not from other countries (3)

Marks:5
Ans

I) England was moving towards the phase of industrialization in the 18th century and its cotton production expanded rapidly. This created more demand for cotton dyes. To meet this increasing demand, the production of indigo had to be increased in the 18th century.
II) The supply of indigo from America and the West Indies was disrupted at the same time when the demand was increasing. Between 1783-1789 indigo production fell by half in the world. The British dyers were now desperately looking for an alternate source for indigo production. The growing demand of Indigo in Europe induced the British to expand indigo cultivation in India.

Q.6 What led to the collapse of indigo plantations on the Caribbean islands Who painted this event

Marks:5
Ans

The French planters used to produce indigo in the plantations in their French colony in St. Domingue on the Caribbean islands in the 18th century. The African slaves who used to work in the plantations of St. Domingue rose in rebellion in 1791. In this slave revolt, the slaves burnt the plantations and killed many of the planters who were rich. This slave revolt forced France to abolish slavery in the French colonies in 1792. These events were responsible for the collapse of the indigo plantations in Caribbean Islands. The slave revolt that took place in St. Domingue in August 1791 was painted by January Scuhodolski.

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On the Extramarks website, you can access the NCERT Social Science Solutions for Class 8 online. Extramarks subject experts prepare these solutions. They significantly help the students in achieving outstanding results. Students can click on Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 9 and  access these solutions once they  register themselves on Extramarks website . They can    update themselves about the CBSE syllabus, NCERT solutions, and exam patterns. They  may also search for NCERT Solutions Class 8 to step up your preparation and stay ahead of others.

British people gained control of the salt trade  and enjoyed the monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt.  Gandhi considered this to be equally cruel as was sinful to tax  salt which was a basic human necessity.On March 12, 1930, he began the civil disobedience movement  and launched the Dandi March from the Sabarmati Ashram to a small  hamlet near  Dandi in the Navsari region. In 24 days, he travelled 240 miles. He broke the government law  by collecting salt from the seashore. Students can click on Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 9 on the Extramarks website and make the most of it.