NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13
The NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13 Hydrocarbons discusses the classification of hydrocarbons in detail. The chapter also delves into topics such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and carcinogenicity and toxicity. The practice questions at the end of the chapter in the NCERT books help students to understand the concepts in a better way.
When solving the questions, students can refer to NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13 by Extramarks. The solutions are prepared by subject-matter experts at Extramarks, who have ensured that every answer is accurate and explained in a detailed manner.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13 – Hydrocarbons
Students can kick start their preparation for Chapter 13 Hydrocarbons by accessing the NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13 on Extramarks. Prepared by subject-matter experts, the solutions comprise answers to all the NCERT textbook questions for the Hydrocarbons chapter.
Access NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chapter 13- Hydrocarbons
The NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chapter 13 on Extramarks have accurate and detailed answers of all the questions that are listed in NCERT textbook. Students can refer to the solutions to prepare for school as well as competitive exams.
NCERT Exercise
Some of the questions listed in the NCERT exercise section of Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13 are:
- How do you account for the formation of Ethane during the Chlorination of Methane?
- Write IUPAC names of the products obtained by the ozonolysis of the following compounds: (i) Pent-2-ene
(ii) 3,4-Dimethyl-hept-3-ene
(iii) 2-Ethylbut-1-ene
(iv) 1-Phenylbut-1-ene
- Write the structure and IUPAC name of the alkene ‘A’. The Alkene ‘A’ gives a mixture of Ethanal and Pentan-3-one on ozonolysis.
- Write chemical equations for combustion reaction of the following hydrocarbons:
- Butane
- Hexyne
- Toluene
- Pentene
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13 – Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons can feature simple or relatively complex structures and are classified into four subcategories – alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. The study of hydrocarbons can provide insight into the chemical properties of other functional groups and their preparation.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13 – Hydrocarbons helps students in understanding the concept in a better way. Students can access the solutions to prepare for exams or get more clarity on Chapter 13.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry – Free Download
The experts at Extramarks have prepared NCERT solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13 in simple language with all the concepts explained through pictures, diagrams, and examples.
Access the solutions on Extramarks to take your exam preparation to the next level.
Chapter 13 – The Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon is a compound of hydrogen and carbon. Chapter 13 deals with the classification of Hydrocarbons into:
- Alkanes
- Alkenes
- Alkynes
- Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- Carcinogenicity and Toxicity
Structure
The structure of hydrocarbons is simple wherein the Alkanes are the most basic hydrocarbons. Single bonds between carbon atoms are used exclusively in the production of alkanes. The main elements of fossil fuels are hydrocarbons and their derivatives, which release energy when burned. Hydrocarbons are also important components of lubricating oils, greases, solvents, fuels, wax, asphalts, cosmetics, and polymers, in addition to their fuel applications. [6] These non-fuel hydrocarbon applications could be extremely beneficial to society and the economy.
In Alkenes, the central carbon chain consists of at least one double bond between carbon atoms. In Alkynes, the central carbon chain contains at least one triple bond between carbon atoms.
Points to be Noted
In Alkenes
- The carbon-carbon double bond in Alkenes consists of one π-bond and one σ bond.
- Alkenes are more reactive than Alkanes because of the electron density in their pi bonds.
In Alkynes
- The carbon-carbon triple bond has one σ and two π bonds.
- More exposure to π electrons is the reason for alkylene undergoing different reactions.
Nomenclature
IUPAC System
The IUPAC system of nomenclature was created to create a worldwide standard for naming chemicals in order to ease communication. The system’s purpose is to provide each structure with a distinct and unambiguous name, as well as to associate each name with a distinct and unambiguous structure. The IUPAC system names a molecule’s longest chain of carbons joined by single bonds, whether in a continuous chain or a ring. Prefixes and suffixes are used to denote all deviations, whether multiple bonds or atoms other than carbon and hydrogen, according to a set of priorities.
The chapter talks about the nomenclature guidelines for alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes in detail explaining to students the step-by-step process to write IUPAC names for structural formulas of hydrocarbons.
Preparation
The chapter also delves into the preparation of alkynes from calcium carbide.
Benzene was an Amalgamation of These Two Forms
The molecular formula for Benzene is C6H6. The formula, however, represents that Benzene is too unsaturated. The Kekule structure shows the chances of two isomeric 1, 2-dibromobenzene. One of them is when the bromine atoms attach to the double bond C atoms. In the other one, bromine atoms are attached to the single bond C.
The structure, however, was not successful in the unique stability of benzene and its inclination towards substitution reactions in place of addition reactions.
Chapter 13 talks about Benzene being an amalgamation of two forms. It talks about the Resonance Structure of Benzene and Orbital Structure of Benzene.
Condition for Aromaticity
Aromaticity is the property of sp2 hybridised planar rings where p orbitals give the permission for the cyclic delocalisation of π electrons.
Chapter 13 discusses the following conditions for Aromaticity:
- Aromatic compounds are cyclic or planar.
- Every atom has p orbital in an aromatic ring. The p orbital should be parallel so that an overlapping is made around the ring.
- The cyclic π molecular orbital formed by overlap of p orbitals must have (4n + 2) π electrons. n represents any integer such as 0, 1, 2, 3 etc.
Physical Properties of Benzene
- Benzene is immiscible in water but soluble in organic solvents.
- It is a colourless liquid with an aromatic odour.
- It has a density of 0.87g cm-3.
- Benzene has a moderate boiling point and a high melting point.
- Benzene shows resonance.
- It is highly inflammable and burns with a sooty flame.
Chemical Properties of Benzene
The chemical reactions that Benzene goes through are:
- Electrophilic Substitution Reaction
- Addition Reaction
Electrophilic Substitution Reactions
An electrophilic substitution reaction is a chemical reaction where an electrophile replaces a functional group attached to a compound. This displaced functional group is usually a hydrogen atom.
Key Features of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13 have been prepared by subject-matter experts. Here are the key features of our solutions:
- Detailed answer for every question given in the Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13 NCERT textbook
- High accuracy level
- Easily accessible on Extramarks website or mobile app