NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Social Science Chapter 24 Vital Villages, Thriving Towns

The sickle would have been an important tool for agriculture. The axe would have been used to chop wood and to clear forests to expand cultivable lands. The tongs would have been used to hold objects by the ironsmiths while making tools.

The crafts persons who would have been present in both villages and cities were carpenters, goldsmiths, blacksmiths, weavers, basket makers, and garland makers.

1. In the northern part of the country, the village headman was known as the gramabhojaka.

2. The gramabhojaka was often the largest landowner.

3. He was powerful because the king used him to collect taxes from the village. He also acted as a judge and policeman in the village.

1. The drainage system in present-day cities is underground. They are made up of concrete. It is connected to a drainage system.

2. In ancient cities, the drainage had a ring well system. The rows of pots or ceramic rings were arranged one on top of the other and had been used as toilets, drains, and garbage dumps.

3. Similarities:

          • Drainage system was/is found in each house.

          • Drainage system is a pipe-line like a structure, connecting drains from many individual houses

4. Differences:

          • Use of rings and pots, and vertical structure in ancient drainage system

a) 4. Drainage

b) 1. silver

c) 3. religious centre

d) 2. crafts persons

(a) Vellalar was a word used for large landowners in Tamil.

(b) The gramabhojaka often got his land cultivated by the slaves and hired-workers.

(c) Ploughmen were known as uzhavar in Tamil.

(d) Most grihapatis were smaller landowners.