Health is an important component of population composition, which affects the process of development. The advantages of a healthy population are:
The percentage of the population that is economically active is an important index of development. The distribution of the population according to different types of occupation is referred to as the occupational structure. Developed nations have a high proportion of people in secondary and tertiary activities like banking, commerce, transport and administration. Developing countries tend to have a higher proportion of their workforce engaged in primary activities like agriculture, fishing, mining, lumbering, and food gathering.
The National Population Policy 2000 provides a policy framework of achieving goals and prioritising strategies during the next decade to meet the reproductive and child health needs of the people of India along with the target to achieve the net replacement levels. It aims at a stable population by 2045.
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Population growth |
Population change |
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It refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a country or territory during a specific period of time, say during the last ten years. |
It refers to change in the number of people during a specific time. The world population has not been stable. It has increased manifold. |
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Such a change can be expressed in two ways: in terms of absolute numbers and in terms of percentage change per year. |
Natural increase, immigration and emigration are the major components causing population change. |
(i) Since 1981, the rate of population growth has been declining as a result of greater use of birth control measures.
(ii) The major components of population growth are Birth Rate, Death Rate and Migration.
(iii) Age Structure - The age structure of a population refers to the number of people in different age groups in that population.
Birth Rate - The birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year.
Death Rate - The death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year.
(iv) Migration is an important determinant of the population change. Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. It is a determinant factor of the population change as it changes the size and composition of population of both the areas of departure and arrival. In India, the rural-urban migration has resulted in a steady increase in the percentage of the population in cities and towns.
(i) (c) both the area of departure and arrival ✓
(ii) (a) high birth rates ✓
(iii) (b) the number of persons added each year ✓
(iv) (c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding ✓
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