CBSE Class 6 Maths Revision Notes Chapter 7 Fractions

Fractions represent equal parts of a whole or equal shares of a quantity. In CBSE Class 6 Maths Chapter 7, students learn fractional units, mixed fractions, equivalent fractions, comparison and addition and subtraction of fractions.

Fractions are used when a whole is divided into equal parts. If one roti is shared equally by two children, each child gets 1/2 roti. If the same roti is shared by four children, each child gets 1/4 roti. This shows how fractions help us describe equal shares.

These CBSE Class 6 Maths Revision Notes Chapter 7 for the 2026–27 academic year cover fractions as parts of a whole, fractional units, number line representation, mixed fractions, equivalent fractions, lowest terms, comparison and operations on fractions.

Key Takeaways

• Fraction: A fraction shows a part of a whole or an equal share.
• Fractional unit: A unit fraction has numerator 1, such as 1/2, 1/3 or 1/4.
• Equivalent fractions: Different fractions can represent the same quantity.
• Operations: Fractions are added or subtracted by using the same fractional unit.

Need help revising Fractions?
Access interactive practice, chapter-wise notes and doubt-solving support on the Extramarks Learning App. Sign Up Free

Access Maths Notes for Chapter 7 Fractions Class 6 in 30 Minutes

Use this order to revise the chapter:

This order helps students understand fractions visually before solving operations.

Fractions Class 6 Notes: Introduction to Fractions

A fraction represents a part of a whole.

It is written in the form:

a/b

Here:

• a is the numerator
• b is the denominator
• b should not be zero

Numerator and Denominator

Example:

In 3/5, the numerator is 3 and the denominator is 5.

This means 3 parts are taken out of 5 equal parts.

Fractional Units and Equal Shares

When one whole is divided into equal parts, each part is called a fractional unit.

Fractions such as 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5 and 1/10 are fractional units. They are also called unit fractions.

Equal Share Example

If 1 roti is shared equally between 2 children, each child gets 1/2 roti.

If 1 roti is shared equally among 4 children, each child gets 1/4 roti.

Since the same roti is shared among more children in the second case, each share becomes smaller.

So:

1/2 > 1/4

Fractional Units Table

Fractional Units as Parts of a Whole

Fractions can also represent parts of a whole object.

For example, if a chikki is divided into 6 equal parts, each part is 1/6 of the whole chikki.

The pieces may look different in shape, but if they are equal in size, each piece represents the same fractional unit.

Important Point

Fractions must be made from equal parts.

If a whole is divided into unequal parts, the parts cannot be correctly named as the same fraction.

Measuring Using Fractional Units

Fractions can be understood by measuring how many fractional units are collected.

Example:

1/4 means 1 part of size one-fourth.

3/4 means 3 parts of size one-fourth.

So:

3/4 = 3 times 1/4

Fractional Unit Examples

This way of reading fractions helps students understand the size of a fraction.

Fractions on a Number Line

Fractions can be shown on a number line.

To mark a fraction between 0 and 1, divide the space between 0 and 1 into equal parts.

Example:

To mark 3/5:

1. Draw a number line from 0 to 1.
2. Divide the distance into 5 equal parts.
3. Count 3 parts from 0.
4. Mark the point as 3/5.

Number Line Rules

Fractions Greater Than 1 on Number Line

Fractions such as 3/2, 5/2 and 7/3 are greater than 1.

They are placed after 1 on the number line.

Example:

3/2 = 1 + 1/2

So, 3/2 lies halfway between 1 and 2.

Types of Fractions

Fractions can be grouped into different types.

The main types of fractions in Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 are:

• Proper fractions
• Improper fractions
• Mixed fractions
• Equivalent fractions
• Unit fractions

Proper Fractions

A proper fraction has numerator smaller than denominator.

Examples:

2/3, 4/5, 7/9

All proper fractions are less than 1.

Improper Fractions

An improper fraction has numerator greater than or equal to denominator.

Examples:

5/3, 7/4, 9/9

Improper fractions are equal to or greater than 1.

Mixed Fractions

A mixed fraction has a whole number part and a fractional part.

Examples:

1 1/2, 2 3/4, 5 2/3

Mixed fractions are used to write improper fractions in a simpler form.

Equivalent Fractions

Equivalent fractions are fractions that look different but represent the same value.

Examples:

1/2 = 2/4 = 3/6 = 4/8

These fractions show the same quantity.

Unit Fractions

A unit fraction has numerator 1.

Examples:

1/2, 1/3, 1/5, 1/8

Mixed Fractions in Class 6 Mathematics Chapter 7 Notes

Fractions greater than 1 can often be written as mixed fractions.

Example:

3/2 = 1 + 1/2

So:

3/2 = 1 1/2

Converting Improper Fractions to Mixed Fractions

Steps:

1. Divide the numerator by the denominator.
2. Write the quotient as the whole number.
3. Write the remainder as the numerator.
4. Keep the denominator the same.

Example:

Convert 8/3 into a mixed fraction.

8 ÷ 3 = 2 remainder 2

So:

8/3 = 2 2/3

Converting Mixed Fractions to Improper Fractions

Steps:

1. Multiply the whole number by the denominator.
2. Add the numerator.
3. Keep the same denominator.

Example:

Convert 3 1/4 into an improper fraction.

3 1/4 = (3 × 4 + 1)/4
= 13/4

So:

3 1/4 = 13/4

Equivalent Fractions

Equivalent fractions represent the same value using different numerators and denominators.

Example:

1/2 = 2/4 = 4/8

These fractions have the same length on a fraction wall or number line.

How to Find Equivalent Fractions

Multiply the numerator and denominator by the same number.

Example:

1/3 = (1 × 2)/(3 × 2) = 2/6

So:

1/3 = 2/6

You can also divide the numerator and denominator by the same number.

Example:

6/9 = (6 ÷ 3)/(9 ÷ 3) = 2/3

So:

6/9 = 2/3

Equivalent Fractions Table

Simplifying Fractions to Lowest Terms

A fraction is in lowest terms when the numerator and denominator have no common factor except 1.

Example:

16/20 is not in lowest terms because 16 and 20 have 4 as a common factor.

Divide both by 4:

16/20 = 4/5

So, 4/5 is the lowest form of 16/20.

Steps to Simplify a Fraction

1. Find a common factor of the numerator and denominator.
2. Divide both by the same factor.
3. Repeat until no common factor remains except 1.

Example:

36/60

36/60 = 18/30
18/30 = 9/15
9/15 = 3/5

So:

36/60 = 3/5

Comparing Fractions

Comparing fractions means finding which fraction is greater, smaller or equal.

Comparing Fractions with Same Denominator

If denominators are the same, compare the numerators.

Example:

3/7 and 5/7

Since 5 > 3:

5/7 > 3/7

Comparing Fractions with Same Numerator

If numerators are the same, the fraction with the smaller denominator is greater.

Example:

1/5 and 1/9

Since the same whole is divided into fewer parts in 1/5, each part is bigger.

So:

1/5 > 1/9

Comparing Fractions with Different Denominators

If denominators are different, make equivalent fractions with the same denominator.

Example:

Compare 4/5 and 7/9.

Common denominator = 45

4/5 = 36/45
7/9 = 35/45

Since 36/45 > 35/45:

4/5 > 7/9

Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

Fractions can be added or subtracted easily when they have the same denominator.

When denominators are different, first convert them into equivalent fractions with the same denominator.

Addition of Fractions with Same Denominator

To add fractions with the same denominator, add the numerators and keep the denominator the same.

Example:

2/5 + 1/5 = 3/5

Rule

a/c + b/c = (a + b)/c

Addition of Fractions with Different Denominators

To add fractions with different denominators:

1. Find a common denominator.
2. Convert the fractions into equivalent fractions.
3. Add the numerators.
4. Keep the denominator the same.
5. Simplify if needed.

Example:

1/4 + 1/3

Common denominator = 12

1/4 = 3/12
1/3 = 4/12

So:

1/4 + 1/3 = 3/12 + 4/12 = 7/12

Brahmagupta’s Method for Adding Fractions

Brahmagupta’s method says that fractions should first be converted to the same fractional unit.

Then the numerators are added, while the denominator remains the same.

Example:

2/3 + 1/5

Common denominator = 15

2/3 = 10/15
1/5 = 3/15

So:

2/3 + 1/5 = 13/15

Subtraction of Fractions with Same Denominator

To subtract fractions with the same denominator, subtract the numerators and keep the denominator the same.

Example:

6/7 - 4/7 = 2/7

Rule

a/c - b/c = (a - b)/c

Subtraction of Fractions with Different Denominators

To subtract fractions with different denominators:

1. Find a common denominator.
2. Convert both fractions into equivalent fractions.
3. Subtract the numerators.
4. Keep the denominator the same.
5. Simplify if needed.

Example:

3/4 - 2/3

Common denominator = 12

3/4 = 9/12
2/3 = 8/12

So:

3/4 - 2/3 = 1/12

Important Topics of Class 6 Chapter 7 Maths You Shouldn’t Miss

Understanding Fractions

Students should know that a fraction represents a part of a whole or an equal share.

They should also know the role of numerator and denominator.

Fractional Units and Equal Shares

Unit fractions such as 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4 help students understand sharing.

The greater the number of equal parts, the smaller each part becomes.

Fractions on a Number Line

Students should practise marking fractions between 0 and 1.

They should also understand fractions greater than 1.

Mixed Fractions

Students should know how to convert improper fractions into mixed fractions and mixed fractions into improper fractions.

Equivalent Fractions

Students should know how to form equivalent fractions by multiplying or dividing numerator and denominator by the same number.

Comparing Fractions

Students should compare fractions using the same denominator, same numerator or equivalent fractions.

Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

Students should practise adding and subtracting fractions with same and different denominators.

Importance of Maths Chapter 7 Fractions Class 6 Notes

Fractions are important because they appear in daily life and future maths topics.

Students use fractions while sharing food, measuring ingredients, reading distances, working with time, comparing quantities and solving word problems. Fractions also form the base for decimals, percentages, ratios, proportions and algebra.

Learning fractions properly in Class 6 helps students handle advanced mathematics with more confidence.

Tips for Learning Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Start with Equal Sharing

Think of fractions as equal shares of rotis, cakes, chikki or juice.

This makes the concept easier to understand.

Learn Numerator and Denominator Clearly

The numerator tells how many parts are taken.

The denominator tells how many equal parts make the whole.

Use a Number Line

A number line helps show where a fraction lies.

It also helps students understand fractions greater than 1.

Practise Equivalent Fractions

Equivalent fractions are useful for comparison, addition and subtraction.

Practice multiplying and dividing numerator and denominator by the same number.

Simplify Final Answers

Write fractions in lowest terms whenever possible.

This makes answers neat and correct.

Revise Operations Step by Step

For addition and subtraction, first check if the denominators are the same.

If they are different, make them same before solving.

Solved Examples Based on Fractions

Example 1: Compare Unit Fractions

Compare 1/5 and 1/9.

When one whole is divided into 5 parts, each part is bigger than when it is divided into 9 parts.

So:

1/5 > 1/9

Answer: 1/5 is greater.

Example 2: Convert Improper Fraction to Mixed Fraction

Convert 11/5 into a mixed fraction.

11 ÷ 5 = 2 remainder 1

So:

11/5 = 2 1/5

Answer: 2 1/5

Example 3: Find Equivalent Fractions

Find two equivalent fractions of 2/6.

Divide numerator and denominator by 2:

2/6 = 1/3

Multiply numerator and denominator by 2:

2/6 = 4/12

Answer: 1/3 and 4/12

Example 4: Add Fractions

Add 3/4 and 1/3.

Common denominator = 12

3/4 = 9/12
1/3 = 4/12

So:

3/4 + 1/3 = 13/12

Answer: 13/12 or 1 1/12

Example 5: Subtract Fractions

Subtract 1/2 from 7/10.

1/2 = 5/10

So:

7/10 - 1/2 = 7/10 - 5/10 = 2/10 = 1/5

Answer: 1/5

Conclusion

CBSE Class 6 Maths Revision Notes Chapter 7 help students revise Fractions through equal shares, fractional units, number lines, mixed fractions, equivalent fractions, comparison and operations. Once students understand how fractions represent parts of a whole, addition and subtraction become easier. This chapter also prepares students for decimals, percentages and ratios in higher classes.

Useful Links for Class 6 Maths