Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 10

Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 10

History cannot be thought of in isolation without the help of other academic fields, including linguistics, anthropology, geography, archaeology, economics, and anthropology. People can use history, however, to understand other fields, and other fields can use history to comprehend the past and how things have changed over time. The last Chapter of Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 in India after Independence. Our Pasts 3 Chapter 10 examines India, a young and conflicted nation. After gaining  independence on August 15, 1947, India had to deal with several issues, including refugees, princely states, and a terrible economic situation. Students will learn about India’s written Constitution, which provided its residents with several regulations, and how it came into being on January 26, 1950. This chapter also discusses aspects of Indian democracy, including sovereignty and “unity in diversity.” This Chapter also helps understand how the constituent Assembly contributed to the formation of the Constitution. Studying Chapter 10 Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Important Questions helps students grasp the  birth of a new and divided nation, formation of the Constitution and the States and the problems that India faced in this  chapter, and students can easily access much more study materials on the Extramarks website.

History is a vast subject, and it  is one of the subjects that requires constant reading, memorising  and revisions.  Extramarks understand the importance of solving questions. History subject experts from Extramarks have come up  Social Science Our Pasts 3 Class 8 Chapter 10 Important Questions after a lot of hard work and research from numerous sources, such as the NCERT Textbook, other reference books, and  past year’s  question  papers, and so on. History experts at Extramarks have developed step-by-step solutions to help students better understand each Chapter. Students can register with Extramarks and access Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 10 Important Questions.

Along with Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 10, a repository of materials like NCERT Solutions, CBSE revision notes, past year question papers, and NCERT books, students may find easily on the Extramarks website.

Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 10- with Solutions

Extramarks subject experts have developed a list of Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 10 from various  sources. These questions examine India, a young and  troubled  nation. After gaining its independence on August 15, 1947, India had to deal with several issues, including refugees, princely states, and a terrible economic situation. Students will learn about India’s written Constitution, which provided its residents with several regulations, and how it came into being on January 26, 1950. Discussed aspects of Indian democracy include sovereignty and “unity in diversity.” It also addressed how the constituent Assembly led to the formation of  the Constitution. . These questions and solutions help students  to get an idea of the newly independent  nation  after Independence and the major problems it faced.

Following are some of the Important Questions of Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 10 and their Solutions:

Question 1. How was the economic development of India visualised in the early decades after Independence?

Answer 1. In the early decades of the  Independence,  India’s economic development was envisioned in the following ways:

  • Objectives: Developing a sophisticated technological and industrial base and rescuing India and its people from poverty were the new country’s key objectives.
  • Planning Commission and Five-Year Plans: To help with the creation and execution of suitable economic growth plans, a Planning Commission was formed.
  • Mixed Economy: A mixed-economy model was chosen. Under this economic system, the government and the private sector would contribute significantly and in a manner that was complementary to increase output and provide employment.
  • Prioritising heavy industry and dams: Dams and heavy industries were  given priority in the Second Five-Year Plan, which was formed in 1956. This had put a lot of emphasis on the growth of heavy industries like steel and the building of large  dams.

The focus on heavy industry and efforts to control the economy has drawn criticism from many people (which would guide economic policy for the next  few decades). This strategy received criticism due to:

  • Agriculture received little attention.
  • It ignored primary schooling.
  • It didn’t consider how concentrating on science and equipment will affect the environment.

Question 2. Write in-depth on how Bangladesh was created.

Answer 2. The religious division of India led to the transfer of the Muslim-dominated region to Pakistan. Before its Independence, Pakistan was known as West Pakistan, and Bangladesh had a majority of Muslims. The East Pakistanis were seen as inferior by the West Pakistanis. While Bengali was the language of East Pakistan, Urdu was the official language of West Pakistan. This sowed discord among them and sparked the civil war between the two Pakistani communities. India intervened and aided Bangladesh in the war, defeating Pakistan in 1971 war when Pakistan attacked Bangladesh and started detaining people. Bangladesh thus gained its Independence.

Question 3. What did Dr Ambedkar mean when he said, “In politics, we will have equality, and in social and economic life, we will have inequality”?

Answer 3. According to Dr Ambedkar, economic and social democracy must go hand in hand with political democracy. Giving individuals the right to vote would not end other forms of inequality, such as between higher and lower castes or between the affluent and the poor. He thought India needed to put in a lot of effort to eliminate all kinds of economic and social injustice. The provision of political equality (i.e., one vote for each adult Indian citizen) in the Constitution wouldn’t mean anything until it happened. If not, India would be a nation of contradictions, upholding the principle of “one man, one vote, and one value” in politics while rejecting it in the realms of the economy and society. Although the Constitution recognises equality before law, in real life some Indians felt more equal than others.

Question 4. Talk about how India’s economy changed after it gained freedom. What function did the Planning Commission serve in the construction?

Answer 4. The government faced a lot of difficulties as India’s economy developed. With a sizable population and refugee community, India needed to consider how to deal with major problems , including eradicating poverty, creating jobs, boosting the economy, etc. The Planning Commission was established in 1950 to develop various economic development  programmes. The Planning Commission assisted in achieving a balance between the state and the federal government since India embraced a mixed economy model where both played significant economic roles. The Second Five-Year Plan, which strongly emphasised the development of the heavy steel industry and the building of dams, was enacted in 1956. All these initiatives and programmes aided India’s economic growth and development.

Question 5. Give one reason why English continued to be used in India after Independence.

Answer 5. According to several Congress members, the English should leave India with the British overlords. They said we should replace English with Hindi. Those who didn’t know Hindi, however, had a different viewpoint. T.T. Krishnamachari warned the Assembly on behalf of the South’s citizens, some of whom threatened to leave India if Hindi was forced upon them. Finally, a compromise was reached: English would be used in courts, government services, and interstate communications, but Hindi would remain India’s “official language.”

Question 6. Briefly describe Mira Behn, her life, and the ideas she expressed.

Answer 6. Mira Behn (1892–1982) was the daughter of a senior British Navy officer. Her actual name was Madeleine Slade, and Mahatma Gandhi’s teachings significantly impacted her. She arrived in India in 1925 to join Gandhi as his disciple and lived in his ashram. When she arrived in India, Gandhiji gave her the name “Mirabehn.” She spent time spinning cotton and studying Hindi. She attended to Gandhiji’s requirements while travelling with him to various locations. She actively promoted the idea of nonviolence and was crucial to India’s freedom. She was arrested several times. She also participated in several neighbourhood initiatives and founded an ashram based on Gandhi’s principles in Rishikesh. She spent 34 years residing in India. After receiving the Padma Vibhushan medal, she returned to her house and resided in Vienna.

Question 7. After Independence, why was there a reluctance to divide the country on  linguistic lines?

Answer 7. Congress promised in the 1920s that each significant linguistic group would have its own province once the nation became  Independent . However, it did not take action to uphold these vows following Independence. There is a purpose behind this. India was already split along the religious lines. The Partition led to riots that claimed a million lives. It was believed that new divisions could not be made. According to Congress leaders, further divisions in the nation would only impede its growth and togetherness. Both the Prime Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister were against the creation of linguistic states.They held that  it was important for the nation to remain strong and united  and that anything that impeded growth of nationalism  ought to be opposed.

Question 8. How did Hindi establish itself after all the obstacles, and how did English survive after Independence?

Answer 8. India has several linguistic provinces and they could not be supported. , which is why there was a discussion on using the language in the Constituent Assembly. Although many people argued that English should stay with the British since it was a foreign language, it was already clear that English was essential for communicating with the rest of the world. The people of the South Indian states once more objected to the other group’s suggestion to use Hindi. The Kannada, Malayalam , and Marathi speakers demanded their own state but were met with disappointment. However the strongest protest came from Telugu speaking districts of Madras Presidency which subsequently became Andhra Pradesh in 1953. Hence, other linguistic communities also demanded their own states. In 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided into Marathi and Gujarati speakers. In 1966, Punjab was divided into Punjab and Haryana who spoke Punjabi and Hindi respectively. Therefore, after much deliberation, to keep the nation strong and united against any disruptive tendencies, it was determined that Hindi would become India’s “official language” and that English would be used in government offices, courts, and other communication venues.

Question 9. Name three problems that  India as a newly independent nation  faced.

Answer 9. India experienced three major problems post  Independence:

  • Eight million Pakistani migrants  entered India because of the partition. These refugees  required shelter and employment.
  • It was necessary to persuade the princely kingdoms of over 500 maharajas and nawabs to join the new country.
  • It was essential for the government to set up policies for  economic development  for increasing production and creating employment opportunities, to create a political system that would best satisfy the aspirations and demands of the Indian people.

Question 10. What was the role of the Planning Commission?

Answer 10. The government established a Planning Commission in 1950 to assist in developing and implementing effective economic development plans. The panel was tasked with defining the responsibilities that the government and private entities would play in the system known as a “mixed economy”.

Question 11. Talk about the advantages the lower castes and the poor received at the time of Independence.

Answer 11. At the time of Independence,  the most disadvantaged members of lower castes and the poorest   received  following privileges:

  • Elimination of Untouchability: The Harijans, a particular low caste, were also called untouchables. They used to be employed by the higher classes and prohibited from entering temples. They were given access to the temples, and the concept of untouchability was abolished..
  • Seats in the Legislature: A certain number of legislative seats were set aside for members of the underprivileged or the lowest castes..
  • Adivasis upliftment- Adivasis are sometimes referred to as Scheduled Tribes. They were also given a quota of government posts and reserved legislative seats.

Question 12. Explain the problem of bringing the people together after India gained freedom.

Answer 12. After India gained Independence, there were numerous problems with the government, and each one required careful attention to address the issue. . It was necessary to find a solution to the problem of the rights and status of the minority population in India. Caste conflicts, refugee concerns, issues with princely states, and issues with Adivasis were only  in bringing the Indian people together.

In the above section of Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 10, all the Chapter’s important concepts are covered.

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Q.1 From where did these forest people get their supplies of rice and other grains
(1)Which tribal group was reluctant to work for others (2)
(2) What means were used by the different tribal groups to get the necessities that they could not find in their locality (3)

Marks:5
Ans

(1) The Baigas from the Central India believed themselves to be the people of forest and hence they did not go out in the cities to search of work or for buying other necessities.
(2) The tribal groups would often exchange the goods they had for the necessities they could not find in their vicinity with the outside traders. These goods were bought at low costs by the traders, who sold them for higher rates, thus earning high profits. At other times, when forest supplies declined, many tribals would go out in search of work and earn money to buy the necessary items.

Q.2 Many tribal groups saw the market and the traders as their main enemies.
(1) What was Hazaribagh famous for (2)
(2) How did the traders deceive the tribal groups (3)

Marks:5
Ans

(1)The Santhals reared cocoons in Hazaribagh district of the present-day Jharkhand. These cocoons were bought by the traders to make silk and Hazaribagh became famous for this silk.
(2) The traders used to buy these cocoons at low rates from the Santhals and use it to produce silk. This silk was sold by them at higher rates to outsiders. The tribal groups soon realized this and realized the evil ways of the traders.

Q.3How did the tribals who went out in cities in search of work fare

Marks:3
Ans

At times, few tribal members went out to cities in search of work. The 19th century India saw growth of plantations and mining industries. This meant an increase in the demand for cheap labor, which was provided for by the hiring of these tribals. They were employed for low wages and made to work for long hours without rest. They were also prevented from returning to their homes, despite their pitiable working conditions.

Q.4 What kind of association did the tribal groups have with the traders

Marks:3
Ans

There were certain items that the tribal groups produced within their localities. But there were other things that they needed, but could not be produced by them. Consequently, they traded with merchants from outside communities. This led to their increasing dependence on traders. After the exchange took places, the traders sold these items, purchased from tribals, for higher profits. Thus, such exchanges often pushed the tribal groups into poverty and debt. Hence, these traders were viewed with suspicion and hostility by them.

Q.5 Have you ever noticed that people living in different types of societies do not share the same notion of work and time
What information does Verrier Elwin gives us about the concept of work and time amongst different societies

Marks:3
Ans

The concept of time and work would often vary with different tribes based on the climate and general topography of the land they lived in.Verrier Elwin was a British anthropologist who resided with the Baigas of the Central Provinces and took note of this varying concept of time and work. According to him, among the Baigas, the Chait was the season of clearing the lands, while the full moon was the time for hunting in the eastern parts. The Baisakh was when the land was burnt down to make way for the next sowing. Similarly, there were other seasons, like Jeth(the sowing season), Asadh to Bhadon(working in the field), the kartik(ripening season), etc. In the first year, this seasonal cycle was followed, while the second year was dedicated more to hunting.

Q. 6 In 1895, a man named Birsa was seen roaming the forests and villages of Chotanagpur in Jharkhand. People said he had miraculous powers he could cure all diseases and multiply grain. Birsa himself declared that God had appointed him to save his people from trouble, free them from the slavery of dikus (outsiders). Soon thousands began following Birsa, believing that he was bhagwan (God) and had come to solve all their problems. Birsa was born in a family of Mundas a tribal group that lived in Chottanagpur. But his followers included other tribals of the region Santhals and Oraons. All of them in different ways were unhappy with the changes they were experiencing and the problems they were facing under British rule. Their familiar ways of life seemed to be disappearing, their livelihoods were under threat, and their religion appeared to be in danger.
(1) What was the reason for the unhappiness of the tribal groups (1)
(2) Who is being referred to as dikus in the passage (1)
(3) Name three means of livelihood of the tribal groups. (1)

Marks:3
Ans

(1) The tribal groups were unhappy due to increasing interference of the British government and other non-tribals. The extension of British rule over the forested land and its impact undermined their daily lives.
(2)The dikus (outsiders) referred to by Birsa Munda included the British, along with moneylenders, traders, missionaries and landlords.
(3)The tribal groups often resorted to jhum/shifting cultivation, hunting-gathering, or herding and rearing animals.

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Consult Extramarks for online answers to the chapter on India  After Independence. All chapter-by-chapter NCERT book answers for all subjects are available on Extramarks. Subject-matter experts have created Extramarks’ solutions. They are easily  available on Extramark’s website. Students may register on  the Extramarks website and click Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 10 to access a repository of study materials which students can’t say no to.Be an early bird and make the most of it.

India’s post-independence there were three major problems namely: . :

  • As many as 8 million refugees were not rehabilitated.They had to be provided with homes and employment.
  •  There were 500 princely states each ruled by a maharaja or a nawab who had  to be persuaded to join the new nation.
  • It was essential for the government to set up policies for  economic development and to create a political system for increasing production and creating employment opportunities, to create a political system that would best satisfy the aspirations and demands of the Indian people.It was challenging to maintain the unity and integrity  of a nation.

Students can refer to the Extramarks website, click Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Our Pasts 3 Chapter 10 and check out a repository of the study material they might need to supplement their studies to avoid last minute hassle. It’s better to plan, prepare and stay ahead with no regrets. . 

In the 1930s, the notion of a joint commission first emerged. The 1944 release of the Bombay Plan included some suggestions regarding the Planning Commission. Later the same year, in 1946, Jawahar Lal Nehru established a committee in which it was recommended that a Planning Commission be appointed using the Russian development model. The Planning Commission was also founded on March 15, 1950. It was an unconstitutional body with the Indian Prime Minister as its leader. The Planning Commission’s purpose was to determine how the  economic development of the nation might be carried out and, in accordance, to establish five-year plans for accomplishing the chosen goals.