Important Questions Class 8 Social Science Social And Political Life Chapter 5

Important Questions Class 8 Social Science and Political Life Chapter 5

Political science, one of the parts of the Social Science subject, uses approaches and strategies suitable to the types of inquiries being made, including primary sources like official records and historical documents, secondary sources like scholarly journal articles, survey research, statistical analysis, case studies, experimental research, and model building. The fifth chapter of Class 8 Social Science and Political Life is Judiciary. In India, some laws are universally applicable to all its citizens, and when a law is broken, a specific set of predefined procedures must be followed. A judicial system made up of the court system exists to uphold the rule of law. If a law is broken, a person might go before a court. Being a part of the government, the Judiciary is important to the democracy in India. The Judiciary’s responsibilities include settlement of disputes, judicial review, upholding the law, and safeguarding fundamental rights are all of which is covered in Chapter 5, Class 8 Social Science and political life important questions. Students can easily access all this and more on the Extramarks’ website.

Political science is a social discipline that examines how power is distributed and transferred during decision-making. The Social Science experts of Extramarks have produced Social Science and Political Life Class 8 Chapter 5 Important Questions using NCERT Textbook, other reference books, past exam papers, and other sources. Our Social Science experts have created a list of step-by-step solutions to help students comprehend each chapter. Students can register with Extramarks and access Class 8 Social Science and Political Life Chapter 5 Important Questions. 

Apart from Important Questions Class 8 Social Science and Political Life Chapter 5, students can easily access materials like NCERT Solutions, CBSE revision notes, past years’ question papers, NCERT books, and more on the Extramarks’ website.

Important Questions Class 8 Social Science and Political Life Chapter 5- with Solutions

Social Science experts at Extramarks have curated an entire list of Important Questions Class 8 Social Science and Political Life Chapter 5 using primary and secondary sources. These questions and solutions help students understand Judiciary system in a better manner.

Mentioned below are a few Important Questions Class 8 Social Science and Political Life Chapter 5 and their solutions:

Question 1. Re-read the list of Fundamental Rights provided in Chapter 1. How do you think the Right to Constitutional Remedies connects to the idea of judicial review?

Answer 1. In its capacity to defend a person’s rights from the actions of the State legislature or administration, the Right to Constitutional Remedies is related to the concept of judicial review. It enables citizens to file a court case if they believe the government violates one or more of their fundamental rights. Judicial review means that the action is invalid if it is determined that a legislative or executive action has violated basic rights. As a result, because judicial review is used whenever the State violates a basic right, it is tied to the right to constitutional remedies. In this situation, a higher court may overturn a lower court’s decisions based on its inquiry.

Question 2. Why do you believe that the Judiciary must be independent?

Answer 2. Rich people and influential politicians can influence judicial decisions. Since it prevents the administrative and legislative branches from interfering or abusing their authority, having an independent judiciary is crucial, enabling the courts to play a significant role in “upholding the law and enforcing fundamental rights.” Therefore, if someone feels their rights have been infringed, they have the right to file a complaint with the courts. This makes it impossible for those in positions of authority to sway or manipulate any decision.

Question 3. Why do you think the introduction of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the 1980s is a significant step in ensuring access to justice for all?

Answer 3. To improve access to justice, the Supreme Court developed the Public Interest Litigation, or PIL, a process in the early 1980s. Any person or group was able to submit a PIL to the High Court or the Supreme Court on behalf of people whose rights were being infringed upon. Even a letter or telegram written to the Supreme Court or the High Court might be considered a PIL, considerably simplifying the legal procedure. Early on, PIL was utilised to get justice on a wide range of issues, including freeing bonded labourers from cruel working circumstances and gaining the release of Bihar prisoners who had been imprisoned long after serving their sentence. Therefore, creating Public Interest Litigation is a significant step toward ensuring everyone has access to justice.

Question 4. In the Sudha Goel case, describe how various Indian courts operate.

Answer 4. Lower court: The Lower Court rendered a verdict that condemned Sudha’s husband, mother, and brother-in-law to death in the case. Sudha’s husband, mother, and brother-in-law were all declared innocent by the High Court and were freed. 

Supreme Court: The Supreme Court found Sudha’s mother and husband responsible for the incident and sentenced them to jail. The brother-in-law was freed and pronounced innocent by the court as well.

Question 5. You read that one of the main functions of the Judiciary is “upholding the law and enforcing fundamental rights”. Why do you think an independent judiciary is necessary to carry out this important function?

Answer 5. To fulfil the duty of “upholding the law and Enforcing Fundamental Rights,” an independent court is required. It aims to preserve the judicial system from outside interference and offer complete legal protection to everyone who appears in court, regardless of their motive.

If one feels their rights have been infringed, they are free to file a lawsuit. The Judiciary can declare a statute unconstitutional if it infringes on someone’s fundamental rights.

Question 6. Explain the legal dispute between Olga Tellis and the Bombay Municipal Corporation.

Answer 6. The Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation case was significant because it highlighted the issues faced by the thousands of Bombay residents who live on the streets and in slums. They comprised around 50% of Bombay’s population. Before being forced to live on the streets or in slums, these men and women went to court to find another place to reside. They referenced Article 21 of the Constitution, which says that only legal processes may be followed when robbing someone of their life.

Question 7. Re-read the excerpts from the judgement on the Olga Tellis vs Bombay Municipal Corporation case. Now write in your own words what the judges meant when they said that the Right to Livelihood was part of the Right to Life.

Answer 7. The justices ruled that the Right to Livelihood was a component of the Right to Life in the Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation case. They said that life is more than just an animal existence and that survival is impossible without some form of support. As mentioned earlier, they were homeless, needy, and slum dwellers with menial employment. For them, losing their slum means losing their source of income, which makes leadingtheir way of life impossible. In this way, courts equated the right to life with the necessities of existence, such as food, clothing, and shelter.

Question 8. Create a narrative around the concept that “justice delayed is justice denied.”

Answer 8. Banker Mr Satyaprakash led a short and content life. He was the spouse of a woman without a job and the father of two small children. On his way home from work one day, Mr Satyaprakash was seriously hurt in an accident and was left unable to walk. His wife brought a claim for damages against the person who knocked him down in court. However, because it took the court more than eight years to rule that the guilty person must pay compensation of Rs. Ten lakhs, Mr Satyaprakash’s children could not complete their education, leaving them ignorant. Because of this, it is truly said that “justice delayed is justice denied.”

Question 9. What obligations does the government have to its citizens regarding food safety?

Answer 9. The following are the duties of the government: –

  • The government believes that everyone should have access to food.
  • The government should take action to ensure that nobody goes to bed hungry.
  • The government must ensure that the elderly, crippled, widows and those most at risk from starvation receive particular care.
  • According to the authorities, no one should pass away from starvation or malnutrition.

Question 10. What made Olga Tellis protest?

Answer 10. Olga Tellis questioned if they had the right to survive. They had no alternative but to sleep in a slum close to their place of employment due to their extreme poverty. As a result, they were denied both a Right to Life and a Right to a Living for which they seeked redressal.

Question 11. What do you think of the constitutional remedies outlined in the Indian Constitution?

Answer 11. Every person has the right to constitutional remedies under the Constitution, which entitles them to legal action against anybody who violates or restricts their fundamental rights. Because the court’s independence is essential for defending the rights of citizens, it is also tied to the idea of judicial review.

Question 12. Why is it necessary for the Judiciary to be independent?

Answer 12. Due to their role in preventing interference or the misuse of power by the executive and legislative departments, courts are essential to “upholding the law and enforcing basic rights.” Therefore, it is crucial to have an independent judiciary.

Question 13. Subordinate Courts: What Are They?

Answer 13. The bulk of persons file cases with subordinate courts. Because they are situated in the districts of the states, district courts, also known as tehsil level courts, are occasionally referred to as subordinate courts.

Question 14. Which court serves as India’s apex court?

Answer 14. The apex court, or highest court, in India, is the Supreme Court. The judges of the court are under the Chief Justice of India. The Chief Justice of India oversees the activities of the supreme court. The current Chief Justice of India is Justice Sarad Arvind Bobde.

Question 15. What kinds of cases are handled by the Indian courts. Briefly describe the work of the Judiciary.

Answer 15. In India, courts make decisions on a vast number of subjects. They can determine whether a teacher can physically abuse a student, whether states should share river water, and whether to penalise individuals for specific offences. The following categories can be used to categorise the Judiciary’s work:

  • Resolution of Disputes: The court system offers a means of settling conflicts between individuals, between individuals and the government, between two state governments, and between the centre and state governments.
  • Judicial Review: The court, which serves as the Constitution’s ultimate interpretation, has the authority to invalidate specific legislation approved by the Parliament if it thinks that doing so would violate the Constitution’s fundamental principles. This is known as  Judicial Review 
  • Upholding the law and Enforcing Fundamental Rights: Every Indian citizen has the right to file a complaint with the Supreme Court or a High Court if they feel their fundamental rights have been violated.

Question 16. What occurred in the 1996 court case Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity v. State of West Bengal?

Answer 16. An agricultural worker named Hakim Sheikh wounded himself after falling off a moving train, and his health worsened due to hospitals turning him away.

The Supreme court ordered the West Bengal government to compensate him for his losses and to develop a primary healthcare plan that specifically addressed treating patients in an emergency.

Question 17. Describe the main differences between criminal law and civil law.

Answer 17. The primary difference is:

  • Criminal law: Deals with behaviour or actions considered offences by the law—for instance, stealing, harrassing a lady to get more dowry, and murder.
  • Civil law: Addresses any violation of an individual’s rights. For instance, disagreements over the acquisition or sale of real estate, the payment of rent, or divorce lawsuits.

The above section of Important Questions Class 8 Social Science and Political Life Chapter 5 covers all the chapter’s important concepts.

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Q.1 What drastic change was seen in the methods and objectives of the Congress by the 1890s

Marks:3
Ans

In the first twenty years of its formation, Congresss policies and objectives were moderate, whereas from the 1890s, the methods and objectives of Congress started to become more and more radical. The Moderates were criticized for their politics of prayers, while the radicals emphasised more on constructive work and self-reliance. Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal emerged with radical objectives and methods of working.

Q.2 Explain how the demand for Indianisation of administration was part of a movement against racism.

Marks:5
Ans

Most of the important jobs were occupied by the white people at that time. The British usually believed that Indians were not capable of managing responsible posts. Hence, posts with high salaries were generally given to the Whites, who took most of their earned income in India back to England. This resulted in the drain of wealth from India to England. Indianisation of the administration would not only reduce this drain of wealth but also ensure greater involvement of Indians in administrative tasks. Hence, it is accurate to state that the demand for Indianisation of government management was a component of the anti-racism movement.

Q.3 Congress demanded a greater voice for Indians in the government and the administration.
I) How was it possible for Indians to have greater voice in government and administration (2 marks)
II) Why did the Congress demand that the Civil Services Examination be held in both India and London (3 marks)

Marks:5
Ans

I) According to Moderates, Indians could have a greater voice in administrative affairs and the government by having more representation in the Legislative Councils. In their view, Indians ought to be given more power and Legislative Councils should be introduced in provinces where previously it was not present. They also felt that if Indians were given high positions in the government the Indians could have more voice and power.
II) Since Congress wanted Indians to have more power and greater voice in the government, it was essential to for the Indians to have higher posts in the government. But to get a government job, it was important to clear the Civil Services Examination, which was held in London. It was difficult for Indians at that time to go to London to give the exam. Hence, the most deserving people from India could not appear in the exams. Therefore, to make it easier for them to appear for the same, Congress demanded that Civil Services Examinations be held in India as well.

Q.4 The Moderate leaders wanted to develop awareness among people about the unjust nature of British rule. Elucidate.

Marks:3
Ans

The Moderate leaders spread awareness among people by writing articles, publishing newspapers and also by showing the economic ruin of the country caused by the British. The Moderate leaders also dispatched representatives to other regions of the country to raise public awareness of the British’s wrongdoings. The British were condemned and criticized by these leaders in their speeches made in the public.

Q.5 Is it true that the Muslim League supported the partition of Bengal Explain by giving reasons for the same.

Marks:3
Ans

Unlike the Congress, Muslim League supported the Bengal partition because they wanted to have separate electorates in the country for Muslims. To convince the government for separate electorates, the Muslims decided against the opposition of the partition and instead supported it. As a result, in 1909, the government agreed to their demand for separate electorates for Muslims.

Q.6 Following the collapse of the Cabinet Mission, the Muslim League resolved to engage in popular agitation in order to achieve its goal of obtaining Pakistan.
Q1. Which day was designated as the Direct-Action Day (2 marks)
Q2. What were the consequences of the partition (3 marks)

Marks:5
Ans

1. The Muslim League declared August 16th, 1946, to be ‘Direct Action Day.’ On this day, riots broke out in Calcutta, lasting several days and killing hundreds of people.
2. During the partition, hundreds of thousands of people were slaughtered, and many women were subjected to unspeakable atrocities. Hundreds of millions of people were displaced from their homes. They were forced to become refugees in foreign places after being torn apart from their homelands. Consequently, the political boundaries of India got altered, with many of its cities shifted to a new nation Pakistan, which was established as a result of partition. As a result, the happiness of India’s independence from British rule was tempered by the anguish and brutality of Partition.

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FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

The judicial system is essential to protecting each person’s fundamental rights. It resolves conflicts that could occur between people, between citizens and the government, or even inside the government. To obtain the comprehensive notes written by the finest teachers in India for this chapter, students can use Extramarks Important Questions Class 8 Social Science and Political Life Chapter 5. These will assist students in understanding the important questions that are likely to be asked in the examination.

Important Questions Class 8 Social Science and Political Life Chapter 5 can be found on Extramarks’ website or app. These important questions were developed by subject experts and are presented in simple language to help students comprehend the concepts presented in this chapter. Students with questions or concerns can also consult Extramarks Important Questions Class 8 Social Science and Political Life Chapter 5.

By defending every citizen’s fundamental right, regardless of caste, creed, sex, or religion, the Judiciary is an institution within the Indian government that assures a nation’s moral and just operation. One of the essential components of a functional government is the Judiciary. The Judiciary offers a method to resolve conflicts that may emerge inside the government and between citizens of a nation, the government, and citizens of a nation. If the judicial system believes a proposed government action will violate people’s constitutional rights, it has the authority to reject the proposal.