History is the study of the life of society in the past in all of its forms. It is an investigation of what occurred in the past, when it occurred, and how it occurred.
Class 10 History Chapter 1- The Rise of Nationalism in Europe deals with many of the issues visualised by Sorrieu. It examines the many processes through which nation-states and nationalism emerged in nineteenth-century Europe. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe, Nationalism, the French Revolution and Imperialism are all explored in this chapter.
What proves to be most helpful in preparing for this subject is Extramarks The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class 10 NCERT Solutions. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe NCERT Solutions by Extramarks helps students with solutions and helps them grasp the concepts quickly. Subject experts having years of teaching experience have curated these ‘The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class 10 Solutions’, which helps students understand the chapter entirely.
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Key Topics Covered in NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1
The following key topics are covered in NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1- Rise of Nationalism in Europe:
| The Rise of Nationalism in Europe |
| The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation |
| The Making of Nationalism In Europe |
| The Age of Revolutions: 1830-1848 |
| The Making of Germany and Italy |
| Visualising the Nation |
| Nationalism and Imperialism |
Let us take a look at Extramarks in-depth information on each subtopic in NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1- Rise of Nationalism in Europe:
The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
In 1848, French artist Frédéric Sorrieu created a series of four prints depicting his vision of a future composed of democratic and socialist republics. Extramarks NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 explains the prints as:
- The first print depicts European and American citizens walking on a long train and paying tribute to the Statue of Liberty as they pass by. A female figure held the Enlightenment flame in one hand and the Charter of the Rights of Man in the other.
- The broken wreckage of absolutist institutions may be seen in the foreground on the soil.
- In Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the world’s population is divided into various nations, each with its flag and national clothing.
- The United States and Switzerland led the parade, followed by France and Germany. The people of Austria, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Lombardy, Poland, England, Ireland, Hungary, and Russia, follow the Germans.
- Christ, saints, and angels look down from above on the scene. The artist has used them to represent universal fraternity.
The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation
- In 1789, the French Revolution brought in nationalism, and political and constitutional reforms resulted in the monarchy’s authority being transferred to a body of French citizens. Various policies and practices, such as the concepts of la Patrie (fatherland) and le citoyen, were introduced ( the citizen). The tricolour was selected to replace the previous French flag.
- Napoleon destroyed democracy in France, and the Napoleonic Code of 1804 abolished all privileges based on birth, created equality before the law, and guaranteed property rights.
The Making of Nationalism In Europe
Germany, Italy, and Switzerland were separated into kingdoms, duchies, and cantons, each with its own rulers. Extramarks NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 gives an explanation on the subject as follows:
The Aristocracy and the New Middle Class
Politically and socially, the aristocracy was the dominating class on the continent. The peasantry made up the majority of the population. In the second part of the eighteenth century, England began to industrialise. New social groupings emerged, including the working class and the middle class, including industrialists, business people, and professionals.
What did Liberal Nationalism stand for?
- Extramarks NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 explains that Liberalism is derived from the Latin word liber, which means free. Property-owning males were the only ones who had the right to vote and be elected. All women and men without property were denied political rights.
- On Prussia’s initiative, a customs union, or Zollverein, was founded in 1834, with most German states joining. Tariff barriers were removed, and the number of currencies was reduced from over thirty to two.
A New Conservatism after 1815
- The spirit of conservatism drove European governments in 1815. Conservatives supported the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property, and the preservation of the family.
- The end of feudalism and serfdom, as well as a modern army, competent administration, and a dynamic economy, may strengthen Europe’s authoritarian kingdoms.
- Representatives from the European powers — Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria – convened in Vienna in 1815 to draft a European settlement.
- France lost the countries it had gained under Napoleon, and the Bourbon monarchy was returned to power.
- One of the critical problems raised by liberal-nationalist critics of the new conservative rule was press freedom.
Extramarks NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 explains the Revolutionaries as follows:
- Many European countries founded secret societies in 1815 to train revolutionaries and promote their beliefs. Revolutionaries fought for liberty and freedom against monarchical forms.
- Giuseppe Mazzini, an Italian revolutionary, born in Genoa in 1807, formed two additional secret societies, the first of which was Young Italy in Marseilles.
- Second, in Berne, he created Young Europe, a group of like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy, and Germany.
The Age of Revolutions: 1830-1848
Liberal revolutionaries overthrew the Bourbon Kings in July 1830, installing a constitutional monarchy commanded by Louis Philippe. Belgium broke independence from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands when the July Revolution triggered an insurrection in Brussels. Greeks fought for freedom in 1821.
The Romantic Imagination and National Feeling
- Art and poetry, storytelling, and music contributed to the expression and shaping of nationalist emotions.
- Romanticism was a cultural movement that aimed to foster a specific type of nationalist spirit. The language was also significant in the development of nationalist feelings.
- The Russian language was forced upon everyone, and in 1831 there was an armed revolt against the Russian administration, which was eventually repressed.
In Extramarks NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 further topics about Age of Revolutions: 1830-1848 are covered below and further explained in detail in our solutions study material.
Hunger, Hardships and Popular Revolts
In the 1830s, Europe was experiencing economic difficulties. The first part of the nineteenth century saw massive population growth across Europe. Food price increases or a poor crop year resulted in widespread poverty in both town and country. Food shortages and severe unemployment forced the people of Paris to go to the streets in 1848.
The Revolution of the Liberals
The educated middle classes were leading a revolt in 1848. The liberal middle class wanted the establishment of a nation-state based on parliamentary ideals, including a constitution, press freedom, and freedom of association.
In Frankfurt, a huge number of political organisations gathered to vote for an all-German National Assembly. On May 18, 1848, 831 elected MPs marched to the Church of St Paul in Frankfurt to assume their seats in the Frankfurt parliament.
The German Constitution established a monarchy that was subject to a Parliament. Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia, was offered the Crown, but he declined and joined other monarchs opposing the elected parliament.
Women started their political organisations, started publications, and attended political meetings and rallies, but they were refused suffrage during the Assembly election.
The Making of Germany and Italy
Germany- Can the Army be the Architect of a Nation?
Prussia took over the campaign for national unity. Its chief minister, Otto von Bismarck, was reportedly the architect of this process, which was carried out with the support of the Prussian army and bureaucracy.
Prussian King William I was named German Emperor in January 1871. The new German Empire was proclaimed during a gathering. The process of nation-building revealed Prussian state power’s superiority.
Italy Unified
Extramarks NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 states how the unification of Italy took place. In the middle of the nineteenth century, Italy was divided into seven republics, one of which, Sardinia-Piedmont, was controlled by an Italian royal dynasty. Distinct rulers ruled over different territories. Giuseppe Mazzini founded the Young Italy secret organisation in the 1830s.
Chief Minister Cavour was at the helm of the movement. Sardinia-Piedmont defeated Austrian soldiers in 1859. They marched into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and South Italy in 1860 and were successful in gaining support among the local peasants. Victor Emmanuel II was declared King of Italy in 1861.
The Strange case of Britain
There was no British country before the seventeenth century, and Great Britain was the paradigm of a nation. As the country’s riches, prominence, and power expanded, it got more powerful.
The emergence of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’ as a result of the Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland meant that England could effectively impose its influence on Scotland. Ireland was forcibly absorbed into the United Kingdom in 1801. The British flag (Union Jack), the national song (God Save Our Noble King), and the English language were all vigorously pushed as emblems of the new Britain.
Visualising the Nation
Artists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries depicted countries as individuals and nations as feminine beings. Female characters represent themes such as Liberty, Justice, and the Republic during the French Revolution. Justice is a blindfolded lady carrying a set of weighing scales, whereas Liberty is a red hat or a broken chain.
Nationalism and Imperialism
After the final part of the nineteenth century, nationalism had lost its appeal. The Balkans, which include modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia, and Montenegro, were the most tense region after 1871.
The Ottoman Empire ignited the Balkans, and they strengthened themselves during the nineteenth century via modernization and internal reforms. The Balkans became a hotspot of strife as a result of many conflicts.
During this time, fierce rivalry arose between European countries over commerce, colonies, and naval and military supremacy, leading to a series of regional conflicts and eventually the First World War.
In 1914, Europe was destroyed by nationalism associated with imperialism. Anti-imperial groups arose, but none of them succeeded in becoming independent nation-states. On the other hand, the concept of ‘nation-states’ was widely recognized as natural and universal.
NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 Rise of Nationalism in Europe – Exercise and Solutions
Extramarks NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 and other chapter solutions consist of explanations of essential concepts and other key topics covered in Class 10 History subject. Students are advised to revise the chapter more than once to understand it thoroughly.
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Class 10 History Chapter 1: Very Short Answer Type Questions
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Key Features of NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1
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