History is the study that helps us understand how things change over time, and it encompasses all aspects of human civilisation. Political, social, economic, scientific, technological, medical, cultural, intellectual, religious, and military developments are part of history.
While Indians were fighting for independence during the colonial British Raj, the notion of Indian nationalism emerged. Students will learn about the non-cooperation and civil disobedience movements in Chapter 2 of Class 10- Nationalism in India, set in the 1920s. They will also know how Congress attempted to grow the national movement, how various socioeconomic groups engaged in it, and how nationalism caught the public imagination.
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Key Topics Covered in Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions
Listed below are vital topics that are covered in Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions:
| The First World War, Khilafat Movement, and Non-Cooperation Movement |
| Differing Strands within the Movement |
| Swaraj in the Plantations |
| The Sense of Collective Belonging |
| Conclusion |
Let us take a look at Extramarks in-depth information on each subtopic in Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions:
The First World War, Khilafat Movement, and Non-Cooperation Movement
The rise of modern nationalism in India is linked to the anti-colonial movement. Many diverse groups formed connections due to colonialism, which the Congress developed under Mahatma Gandhi.
After 1919, the war created a new economic and political scenario. Between 1913 to 1918, an income tax was enacted, and the costs of custom charges were quadrupled, making life extremely difficult for ordinary people. In addition, crop failure in India in 1918-19 resulted in food scarcity and an influenza outbreak.
The Idea of Satyagraha
The Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions by Extramarks explains the concept of Satyagraha beginning from the time when Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa to India in January 1915 and launched the Satyagraha campaign. Satyagraha emphasized the importance of seeking truth and the power of truth. Mahatma Gandhi preached non-violence and believed that it was a way to win a battle and bring all Indians together. He traveled to Champaran, Bihar, in 1917 to encourage people to fight the harsh plantation system. In the same year, he organized a satyagraha to aid peasants in Gujarat’s Kheda area. Mahatma Gandhi traveled to Ahmedabad in 1918 to start a satyagraha movement among cotton mill employees.
The Rowlatt Act
Mahatma Gandhi organized a nationwide satyagraha in 1919 to protest the proposed Rowlatt Act. The Act granted the broad powers of the governments to suppress political activity and allowed political prisoners to be held indefinitely without charge or trial. Following a public uproar, the British government moved to crack down on nationalists. The Amritsar police opened fire on a peaceful parade on April 10, sparking widespread attacks on banks, post offices, and railway stations. General Dyer seized authority once martial law was declared.
Extramarks material about Nationalism in India Class 10 Solutions tells about the Jallianwala Bagh event, which occurred on April 13. A massive crowd had gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh, with some protesting the government’s new harsh tactics and others attending the traditional Baisakhi bazaar. General Dyer shut off all exits and opened fire on the mob, killing hundreds of people. The campaign turned into a violent battle, so Mahatma Gandhi had to call it off.
The Khilafat issue was then taken up by Mahatma Gandhi, who brought Hindus and Muslims together. Ottoman Turkey was defeated at the end of World War One. A Khilafat Committee was created in Bombay in March 1919. Mahatma Gandhi persuaded other leaders in September 1920 that a non-cooperation movement in favor of Khilafat and Swaraj was necessary.
Why Non-Cooperation?
According to Mahatma Gandhi, British dominance in India was created with Indian collaboration. The movement of non-cooperation was proposed in stages. To start with, it aimed to surrender government-awarded titles and boycott the civil service, army, police, courts, legislative bodies, schools, and imported commodities. After several obstacles and campaigning between supporters and opponents of the movement, the Non-Cooperation Movement was ultimately adopted in December 1920.
Differing Strands within the Movement
The Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement began in January 1921. Various social groups were involved in this movement, although the name signified different things to different individuals. Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions by Extramarks presents details about the movement.
The Movement in the Towns
The middle class initiated the movement, and thousands of students, teachers, and headteachers deserted government-controlled institutions and universities while attorneys stopped practicing law. The consequences of non-cooperation were more severe on the economic front. When people began boycotting foreign items, the production of Indian textile factories and handlooms increased. However, this movement slowed due to many factors, including the high cost of Khadi clothing, a lack of Indian institutions for students and teachers to select from, and attorneys returning to government courts.
Rebellion on the Countryside
In several parts of India, the Non-Cooperation Movement expanded to the countryside, where peasants and tribals flourished. The peasant movement responded to talukdars and landowners who wanted high rents and other favors. It wanted lower taxes, the eradication of beggars, and a social boycott of unjust landlords.
In June 1920, Jawaharlal Nehru began visiting villages in Awadh to learn about their problems. He and a few others founded the Oudh Kisan Sabha in October, and within a month, 300 branches had been established. The peasant uprising spread in 1921, with talukdars and merchants’ homes being assaulted, bazaars being robbed, and grain boards taking over.
Those mentioned above are the two central regions where the Non-Cooperation Movement spread. Extramarks SMEs have explained the details of movement in the countryside and the towns in the Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions.
Swaraj in the Plantations
For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant having the freedom to come and go as they pleased while maintaining a connection to the village they belonged to. Plantation employees were not allowed to leave the tea estates without authorization under the 1859 Inland Emigration Act. As a result, thousands of employees deserted the plantations and returned home after hearing about the Non-Cooperation Movement. However, they never arrived at their destination and were arrested by the police and beaten mercilessly.
Towards The Civil Disobedience
Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions by Extramarks describe the journey towards the Civil Disobedience movement as the following. The Non-Cooperation Movement was suspended in February 1922 when Mahatma Gandhi became concerned that it was becoming violent. In the late 1920s, two causes shaped Indian politics yet again. The first result was a global economic depression, and the second was a drop in agricultural prices. The Statutory Commission was established to investigate and recommend improvements to India’s constitutional framework. The arrival of the Simon Commission in India in 1928 was met with the phrase “Go back, Simon.” The Lahore Congress, led by Jawaharlal Nehru, formalized the demand for ‘Purna Swaraj,’ or complete independence for India, in December 1929.
The Salt March and The Civil Disobedience
On January 31, 1930, Mahatma Gandhi wrote Viceroy Irwin a letter with eleven demands. Congress would launch a civil disobedience campaign if the demands were not met by March 11. Mahatma Gandhi began the legendary salt march with the help of 78 of his loyal volunteers. From Gandhiji’s ashram at Sabarmati to the Gujarati seaside town of Dandi, the train covered nearly 240 km. On April 6, he arrived at Dandi and ceremonially broke the law by boiling seawater to make salt. The Civil Disobedience Movement began with this event.
Salt laws were violated in many parts of the country due to the campaign. Foreign cloth was shunned, peasants refused to pay taxes, and forest laws were broken. The situation began to spiral out of control once again. Mahatma Gandhi decided to call off the struggle after witnessing the horrific condition and signed a pact with Irwin on March 5, 1931. Gandhiji agreed to attend a Round Table Conference in London as part of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact. When the meeting fell apart, Mahatma Gandhi was dissatisfied and resumed the Civil Disobedience Movement in India. It lasted about a year, but by 1934, it had lost popularity.
The Limits of Civil Disobedience
The notion of Swaraj did not convince Dalits, who were referred to as “untouchables.” Mahatma Gandhi referred to them as Harijans, or God’s offspring, without whom swaraj could not be attained. He organized Satyagraha for the untouchables, but they preferred a political solution to the community’s concerns. They requested a separate electorate and reserved seats in educational institutions.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who organized the Dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930, clashed with Mahatma Gandhi by seeking separate electorates for Dalits at the second Round Table Conference. Muslims felt estranged from Congress when the Non-Cooperation-Khilafat campaign died out, and ties between Hindus and Muslims deteriorated.
The details of the Civil Disobedience Movement have been explained above by Extramarks Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions in a detailed and systematic manner. The notes are prepared comprehensively for students to understand easily.
The Sense of Collective Belonging
Extramarks Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions gives unique details about the sense of collective belonging that erupted in the citizens. When individuals feel they are all members of the same nation, nationalism flourishes. Nationalism was shaped through history and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and emblems, etc. Finally, in the twentieth century, the image of Bharat Mata became aesthetically identified with India’s identity. The artwork was produced by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, who also penned the song ‘Vande Mataram’ in the 1870s.
Bharat Mata is shown as an ascetic figure in Rabindranath Tagore’s iconic painting; she is peaceful, collected, heavenly, and spiritual. Gandhiji devised the Swaraj flag in 1921, which was a tricolor (red, green, and white) with a spinning wheel in the center, signifying Gandhi’s self-help concept.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions by Extramarks discusses how various groups and classes of Indians got together in the early twentieth century to fight for independence. The Congress, led by Mahatma Gandhi, tried to reconcile disagreements and guarantee that one group’s demands would not alienate another. In other words, a country with many voices demanding independence from colonial domination was forming.
Nationalism in India Class 10 Solutions NCERT Solutions
Extramarks Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions has explanations of essential concepts as well as other key topics covered in Class 10. Students should carefully read the chapter a few times to understand it thoroughly.
Click on the links below to view NCERT Solutions for Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions:
Class 10 History Chapter 2: Very Short Answer Type Questions
Class 10 History Chapter 2: Short Answer Type Questions
Class 10 History Chapter 2: Long Answer Type Questions
Students may access NCERT Solutions for Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions and other chapters by clicking here. In addition, students can also explore NCERT Solutions for other classes below.
By getting access to NCERT Solutions For Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions, students can easily understand the circumstances in India during the colonial period.
Key Features of Nationalism in India Class 10 Solutions
A chapter such as Nationalism in India is full of various sub-topics, each of which is essential to learn. Students tend to find this quite long to go through. To make the topics concise and clear, Extramarks has developed Nationalism in India Class 10 Solutions. These NCERT Solutions make it easier for students to capture the essence of the chapter. We give you a list of reasons why to choose Extramarks for:
- These solutions cover all the chapter’s topics concisely yet systematically.
- The solutions result from thorough research by the subject experts at Extramarks.
- NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 has been prepared to keep in mind all the guidelines laid by NCERT.