NCERT Solutions For Class 8 Science Chapter 13 Sound

Noise pollution can cause stress, hypertension, insomnia, hearing loss, etc.

The correct option is (c).

Explanation: The pitch of an adult man is lower as compared to baby boy, baby girl and woman. Also, frequency of a sound is directly proportional to its pitch. Hence, man’s voice is of minimum frequency in this case.

The correct option is (d).

Explanation: Sound cannot travel through vacuum. Solids, liquids and gases provide the medium for sound to travel.

The speed of light is more than the speed of sound. Therefore, light reaches us before thundering.

The sources of some noise pollution are as follows:

1. Horns of vehicles
2. Loudspeakers
3. Crackers.

There will be more noise around the house which is located along the roadside. The effect of noise decreases with the distance between the source and the listener. Thus, it is better to choose the house that is three lanes away from the roadside.

\begin{array}{l}\text{Number of oscillations = 40}\\ \text{Total time taken = 4 s}\\ \text{The number of oscillations per second is called frequency}\text{. }\\ \therefore \text{Frequency =}\frac{\text{Number}\text{of}\text{oscillations}}{\text{Total}\text{time}\text{taken}}\text{=}\frac{\text{40}}{\text{4}\text{s}}\text{= 10}\text{Hz}\\ \Rightarrow \text{Time}\text{period}\text{=}\frac{\text{1}}{\text{Frequency}}\text{=}\frac{\text{1}}{\text{10}\text{Hz}}\text{= 0}\text{.1}\text{s}\end{array}

In human beings, sound is produced by the voice box or larynx ,which is at the upper end of the windpipe. Two vocal cords are stretched across the larynx. These vocal cords leave a narrow slit between them for the passage of air. The air from the lungs passes through the slit due to which vocal cords starts vibrating. As we know that vibration of an object is the necessary condition for the production of sound, so the sound is produced due to vibrations of the vocal cords.

Muscles attached to the vocal cords can make the cords tight or loose and can change the type or quality of the voice produced.

Music: The sound which seems pleasant to ear is called music. For example, the sound produced by violins, pianos, flutes, etc.

Noise: The sound which seems unpleasant to ear is called noise. For example, sound produced by horns of buses and trucks, sound of electrical generators, sound of a gunshot, etc.

Yes. When music is played at very high volume, it becomes noisy.

(a) Dholak: It is a musical instrument which consists of a stretched membrane known as its head. When the head is beaten softly, the stretched membrane sets into vibration. Hence, the dholak produces a sound when it is beaten.
(b) Sitar: It is also a musical instrument which consists of stretched strings. When a string is plucked, it sets into vibration. Hence, the sitar produces sound when it is beaten.
(c) Flute: It is a hollow pipe. When air is blown over its mouth, the air inside the pipe is set into vibration. Thus, a pleasant sound is produced.

(a)  Time taken by an object to complete one oscillation is called time period.
(b)  Loudness is determined by the amplitude of vibration.
(c)  The unit of frequency is hertz (Hz).
(d)  Unwanted sound is called noise.
(e)  Shrillness of a sound is determined by the frequency of vibration.

(a)  Sound cannot travel in vacuum. (T)
       Explanation: Sound travels in the presence of a medium.
(b)  The number of oscillations per second of a vibrating object is called its time period. (F)
       Explanation: The number of oscillations per second of a vibrating object is known as its frequency.
(c)  If the amplitude of vibration is large, sound is feeble.  (F)
      Explanation: Loudness of a sound is directly proportional to the square of the amplitude of its vibration. When the amplitude of vibration of a sound is large, the sound is called very loud. The sound is feeble for small amplitude.
(d)  For human ears, the audible range is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.  (T)
       Explanation: A human can hear a sound whose frequency comes in the range of 20 Hz − 20,000 Hz.
(e)  The lower the frequency of vibration, the higher is the pitch.  (F)
       Explanation: The pitch of a sound is proportional to its frequency.
(f)  Unwanted or unpleasant sound is termed as music.  (F)
      Explanation: Unwanted or unpleasant sounds are known as noise.
(g)  Noise pollution may cause partial hearing impairment. (T)
       Explanation: When a loud and unpleasant sound is produced continuously for a long time, then it may affect temporarily our hearing impairment.