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Q:

(a) Name the following.
(i) Type of cell division in which the chromosome number is maintained throughout the process.
(ii) Nerves arising from the brain stem.
(iii) Movement of ions from the region of lower concentration to higher concentration by the use of energy.
(iv) Phenomenon of the suppression of growth of lateral buds by apical buds.
(v) Cells of pancreas secreting insulin.

(b) State whether the following statements are true or false. If false, rewrite the correct form by changing the first or the last word only.
(i) The pituitary gland functions both as endocrine and exocrine glands.
(ii) White blood cells (WBC) in the body have an average life of about 120 days.
(iii) Rod cells are photoreceptor cells that are sensitive to dim light.
(iv) The smallest unit of light energy absorbed by chlorophyll during photosynthesis is proton.
(v) The difference between the birth rate and death rate is given by the growth rate of a population.

(c) Match the terms in column ‘B’ with the suitable terms given in column ‘A’. Rewrite the correct matching pair.

Column I

Column II

(i) Corpus luteum

(a) Excess of glucose in blood

(ii) Mortality

(b) Movement towards light

(iii) Diabetes mellitus

(c) Progesterone

(iv) Phototropism

(d) Process by which water enters root hair cell

(v) Endosmosis

(e) Number of deaths in a specified period of time


(d) The structures given below are found in the plant or animal body. List down the specific function performed by these structures.
(i) Centrosome
(ii) Organs of Corti
(iii) Hydathodes
(iv) Distal convoluted tubule of kidney
(v) Placenta

(e) Given below is an apparatus used to study a particular process in plants. Study the same and answer the questions that follow.

(i) State the aim of the experiment.
(ii) What is the purpose of using soda lime?
(iii) Why is KOH kept inside the bell jar?
(iv) What is the next step followed after this setup?
(v) What result is expected from the above setup?

(f). Expand the following abbreviations:
(i) ABA
(ii) ATP
(iii) FAD
(iv) NADP
(v) FSH

(g) Give technical terms for the following:
(i) Pressure generated in root cells, which pushes water into xylem.
(ii) Alternative form of a gene on a pair of homologous chromosome.
(iii) Statistical study of human population.
(iv) Non-nucleated, disc shaped and biconcave blood cell.
(v) Oozing of water drops from the tip or edges of a leaf.

(h) The first pair in the following list is related to each other. Complete the second pair with suitable word in a similar manner.
(i) Adrenal gland: kidney:: Pituitary gland:…….
(ii) Meiosis: 4 cells:: Mitosis:……….
(iii) Cerebrum: forebrain:: Cerebellum:……….
(iv) Neuron: nervous system:: Corpus luteum:…….
(v) Haemoglobin: iron:: Chlorophyll:………
[8x5=40]

A:

(A) (i) Mitosis
(ii) Cranial nerves
(iii) Active transport
(iv) Apical dominance
(v) Beta cells of pancreas

(B) (i) False, the pancreas functions both as endocrine and exocrine glands.
(ii) False, red blood cells (RBCs) in the body have an average life of about 120 days.
(iii) True
(iv) False, the smallest unit of light energy absorbed by chlorophyll during photosynthesis is photon.
(v) True

(C)

Column I

Column II

(i) Corpus luteum

(a) Progesterone

(ii) Mortality

(e) Number of deaths in a specified period of time

(iii) Diabetes mellitus

(a) Excess of glucose in blood

(iv) Phototropism

(b) Movement towards light

(v) Endosmosis

(b) Process by which water enters root hair cell


(D) (i) Centrosome helps in spindle formation during cell division in animal cells.
(ii) Organ of Corti has audio receptor cells that pick up vibration and convert it to nerve impulses.
(iii) Hydathodes are openings or pores in apical part of a leaf through which guttation occurs in the plant.
(iv) Distal convoluted tubule helps in reabsorption of remaining water and chlorides.
(v) Placenta allows diffusion of oxygen and nutrient from mother to the foetus and removal of nitrogenous waste of foetus to mother.
(E) (i) Aim – To show that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis.
(ii) Soda lime frees the air passing through it from carbon dioxide.
(iii) KOH or potassium hydroxide absorbs carbon dioxide present in the bell jar.
(iv) Plant’s leaf from the above setup is subjected to starch test.
(v) Plant in the above setup fails to make starch and therefore, its leaves give negative response to iodine test and thus, stain brown with iodine.

(F)

(i) Abscisic Acid
(ii) Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
(iii) Flavin Adenine di-nucleotide
(iv) Nicotinamide Adenine di-nucleotide Phosphate
(v) Follicle Stimulating Hormone

(G)
(i) Root pressure
(ii) Alleles
(iii) Demography
(iv) Red Blood Cell (RBC)
(v) Guttation

(H)

(i) Base of mid brain
(ii) 2 cells
(iii) Hind brain
(iv) Reproductive system
(v) Magnesium

Q:

(a)(i) Which is the functional unit of nervous system?
(ii) How many pairs of spinal nerves are present in peripheral nervous system?
(iii) What is meant by simple or unconditioned reflex?
(iv) State the term that is used to specify the point of contact between the two nerve cells.
(v) Which instrument is used to record electrical waves of the brain?

(b) The diagram given below is of stomata. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

(i) Name the parts labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4.
(ii) Where are stomata generally found?
(iii) State the function of part labelled 2.
(iv) How stomata help in the process of photosynthesis?
(v) Differentiate stomata and lenticel.

A:
(a)
(i) Neurons
(ii) 31 pairs of spinal nerves are present in the peripheral nervous system.
(iii) Simple or unconditioned reflexes are inborn reflexes that do not require any prior exposure to the stimuli.
(iv) Synapses
(v) Electro-Encephalograph (EEG)

 (b)
(i) 1. Epidermal cells
2. Guard cells
3. Stomatal pore or stoma
4. Chlorophyll

(ii) Stomata are generally found in leaf epidermis.
(iii) Guard cells are responsible for the opening and closing of stomata.
(iv) Stomata are minute pores through which exchange of gases takes place, which is required in the process of photosynthesis.
(v) Stomata present on leaves open during the day time, while lenticels present on woody stem remain open all the time.
Q:

(a) With the help of schematic representation, briefly explain what happens when
(i) a colour blind man marries a normal woman?
(ii) a homozygous (pure) tall pea plant is crossed with a homozygous (pure) dwarf plant? [5]

(b)
(i) What is evolution?
(ii) Name two vestigial organs present in human.
(iii) List any two functions of auxin hormone.
(iv) The diagram given below represents one of the stages in the fertilisation of an egg.

Label the reproductive cells (1 and 2) and identify the stage of fertilisation. [5]

A:

(a)
(i) Colour blind man (XCY)
Normal woman (XX)

XC

Y

X

XCX

XY

X

XCX

XY

XCX: Daughters will be carriers for colourblindnessXY: Sons will be normal
Hence, all the children of colour blind man and normal woman will have normal vision.
(i) Homozygous tall plant (TT)
Homozygous dwarf plant (tt)

T

T

t

Tt

Tt

t

Tt

Tt

All resulting plants produced after crossing pure tall and pure dwarf plants will be:Phenotype: Tall
Genotype: Heterozygous (Tt) tall

(b)
(i) Evolution is a slow and continous process where complex forms of life have emerged from the simple forms through millions of years.
(ii) Vermiform appendix, Wisdom teeth
(iii) Two functions of auxin are;

  1. It promotes cell elongation
  2. It suppress the growth of lateral buds

(iv) 1. Sperm
2. Ovum
Stage of fertilisation: Release of polar body from secondary oocyte

Q:

(a) Given below is the cross section of female reproductive system. Study the diagram and then answer the questions that follow.

(i) Name the parts labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4.
(ii) Mention any one function of part 2.
(iii) Name any one hormone secreted by the system.
(iv) In which part of the system does fertilisation take place?

(b) Give reasons for the following:
(i) Injury to the medulla oblongata results in death.
(ii) Leaves of certain plants roll-up in bright sunlight.
(iii) People living at high altitude have their RBC level
increased by nearly 30% as compared to people living in plain region.
(iv) Gargle with salt solution in case of throat infection helps to cure it.
(v) Pituitary gland is also called master gland.
[5x2=10]

A:
(a) (i)
1. Oviduct or fallopian tube
2. Uterus
3. Ovary
4. Vagina

(ii) Uterus protects and nourishes the growing embryo.

(iii) Oestrogen is secreted by the ovaries of female reproductive system.

(iv) Fertilisation takes place in the oviduct or fallopian tube.

(b)
(i) Medulla oblongata regulates many involuntary functions of the body such as beating of heart, breathing, regulation of blood vessel diameter etc. Injury to this part of brain, thus, stops the normal functioning of internal body organs, which leads to death.
(ii) In bright sunlight, the rate of transpiration is enhanced. Maximum transpiration takes place through the leaf surface and hence, to reduce excessive loss of water, leaves of plants roll–up.
(iii) Human body shows adaptation to lack of oxygen at higher altitude. In an effort to take as much as oxygen available, additional RBCs are produced to carry more oxygen. Hence, people living at high altitude have higher RBC level.
(iv) The salt solution acts as a hypertonic solution for infectious agents, which get plasmolysed and die. Thus, the throat infection is cured.
(v) Pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate the secretion of hormones of other endocrine glands. So, it is referred as master gland.
Q:

(a) The diagram given below depicts a defect of human eye. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow.

(i) Which eye defect is depicted in the diagram?
(ii) Give any two reasons for this abnormality.
(iii) How can the defect be corrected?
(iv) What is the effect of this abnormality?
(v) Draw a diagram that shows the rectified vision using an appropriate lens.

(b) (i) Name the condition caused by hypersecretion of thyroxin.
(ii) What is the main function of glucagon?
(iii) State the cause of acromegaly.
(iv) Mention the function of parathyroid gland.
(v) Why older people tend to feel more cold than the young ones?
[5x2=10]

A:
(a) (i) Hypermetropia or long sightedness
(ii) Reason for this abnormality could be:
a. Lens is flattened or less convex
b. Short eyeball from front to back
(iii) Defect can be corrected by using a convex lens.
(iv) The distant vision of a person is clear but near vision is blurred.
(v)


(b) (i) Exopthalmic goiter
(ii) Glucagon increases the blood sugar level.
(iii) Oversecretion of human growth hormone from the pituitary gland is the cause of acromegaly.
(iv) Parathyroid gland controls calcium metabolism and maintains the blood calcium level.
(v) Thyroid gland regulates energy balance in the body. The activity of thyroid gland slows down in older people and thus, the body heat production also gets lowered. As a result, older people tend to feel more cold than the youngsters.
Q:

(a) The experimental setup shown below is to study certain physiological process.

(i) Name and define the physiological process shown.
(ii) List down one characteristic of this process.
(iii) How long can osmosis continue in this setup?
(iv) In which part of a plant can the above process be observed?

(b) The diagram given below shows the structure of heart. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

(i) Label all the four chambers of the heart.
(ii) Which part of the heart receives oxygenated blood?
(iii) Name the two types of valves present in the heart.
(iv) Name the parts labelled 1 and 2.

A:
(a)
(i) Osmosis: It is the movement of solvent molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from higher concentration (pure solvent) to lower concentration (solution).
(ii) Osmosis involves unidirectional flow of solvent molecules.
(iii) Osmosis can continue until the concentration of water molecules (solvent) becomes equal or isotonic on both sides of the membrane.
(iv) Osmosis can be observed in root cells of a plant.

(b)
(i)

(ii) Left atrium
(iii) Right atrio-venticular valve (tricuspid) and left atrio-venticular valve (bicuspid)
(iv) 1. Superior (anterior) vena cava
2. Inferior (posterior) vena cava
Q:

(a) Differentiate the following on the basis of what is given in the bracket.
(i) Leucocytes and thrombocytes (any one function)
(ii) Exocrine gland and endocrine gland (secretion)
(iii) Homozygous and heterozygous (define terms)
(iv) Transpiration and evaporation (process)
(v) Homo habilis and Neanderthal man (cranial capacity) [5]

(b)The two diagrams given below (A and B) represent the two types of cell division. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

(i) Identify the type of cell division occurring in A and B.
(ii) Identify the stage in both the diagrams and give suitable reason in support.
(iii) Write down one point of difference between the two types of cell division.
(iv) Name the structure by which chromosomes are attached to spindle fibres. [5]

A:

(i) Difference between Leucocytes and thrombocytes:

Leucocytes

Thrombocytes

Act as a body’s defense mechanism by killing germs

Play an important role in blood clotting


(ii) Difference between Exocrine gland and Endocrine gland:

Exocrine gland

Endocrine gland

Gland that secretes its products directly on specified organ through ducts

Ductless gland that secretes its secretion into blood stream


(iii) Difference between Homozygous and Heterozygous:

Homozygous

Heterozygous

Similar pair of allele for particular trait

Dissimilar pair of allele for particular trait


(v) Difference between Transpiration and Evaporation:

Transpiration

Evaporation

Loss of water vapour from aerial parts of plant

Loss of water from surface of water bodies


(vi) Difference between Antiseptics and Disinfectants:

Homo habilis

Neanderthal man

Their cranial capacity was 680-735 cm3

Their cranial capacity was about 1450cm3


(b)
(i) A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
(ii) In both the diagrams, cell is at metaphase stage as chromosomes lie along the equatorial plane of the cell.
(iii)

Mitosis

Meiosis

Occurs in somatic cells of body

Occurs in reproductive cells of body


(iv) Each chromosome is attached to the spindle fibre by its centromere.

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