Solved Board Paper For ICSE Class 10 Geography

(a) Differentiate intensive farming and extensive farming:

(b)

1. It helps to control pests and weeds.

2. It maintains nitrogen supply in soil.

(c)

(i) The introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds and increased use of fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation is collectively known as Green Revolution, which provided the increase in production needed to make India self-sufficient in food grains.

The Government of India takes the following steps to increase the yield of crops.
1. Arrangement of good seeds to farmers
2. Buys certain crops at fair prices
(ii) Rice seeds are sown in different ways.
1. Scattering of seeds by hand, practiced where labour is scarce and soil is not fertile.
2. Dropping of seeds at regular interval in ploughed furrow.

(d)
(i) Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of sugarcane.
(ii) Sugarcane needs temperature ranging between 20^◦C to 30^◦C. It grows well in areas receiving 75 cm to 150 cm of rainfall in well drained fertile soil.
(iii) Sugarcane is a soil-exhausting crop. A large quantity of manure is needed to fertilise a farm.

(a) Cherrapunji is the rainiest part of the country because it is in the windward side of the northeast hills. Western Rajasthan is the driest part of the country due to the features like sandy soil, direct isolation and lack of cloud cover.

(b) (i) Delhi is far away from sea and equator than Chennai. Therefore, it has more range of temperature.

(ii) Coromandel Coast

(c)

(i).

(ii)
1. The amount of rainfall varies from year to year, often resulting in conditions of flood and drought.
2. The regions that receive more than 200 cm of annual rainfall suffer from flood conditions. However, regions that receive less than 10 cm of rainfall annually have semi desert features and experience drought frequently.

(d) Study the climatic data of the two cities of India provided below and answers the questions that follow:
(i) The data shown by A represents Mumbai. The South West Monsoon winds from the Arabian Sea strike Mumbai around 10 June, starting the rainy season and reach their maximum in July. The weather is almost dry from December to April.
(ii) 1241 mm
(iii) Chennai is located on the coast of Tamil Nadu. The retreating North East Monsoon winds bring rainfall to Chennai in winters after striking against the Western Ghats.

(a) (i) Laterite soil develops as a result of leaching in the areas of heavy rain.

(ii) Cotton and sugarcane

(b) (i) Alluvial soil is formed by the deposition of alluviam or silt by the river and its tributaries. It is very fertile and rich in mineral nutrients like potash and lime.
(ii) Bhangar (older alluvial) and Khaddar (new alluvial) are the two types of alluvial soils.

(c) (i) Mountain soil is found in the hilly regions of Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.

(ii) The soil is formed due to mechanical weathering, caused by snow, rain, temperature variations etc.

(iii) Mountainous soil is rich in iron and humus.

(d) (i)The removal of upper layer of soil by different agents of gradations like wind, water and ocean waves is known as soil erosion.

(ii) The outer Himalayas, north-eastern regions of India, Chambal Valley, Western Rajasthan and Nilgiri hills are severely affected areas by soil erosion.

(iii) Afforestation and restricted grazing of animals can conserve soil.

(a) (i) The forest found in the deltas of Ganga-Brahmaputra is known as the mangrove forest or tidal forest. Sundri is the most important tree of the tidal forest.

(ii) Forests provide us with a variety of forest products. They prevent soil erosion and help in checking floods. They provide secluded environment for wildlife.

(b) Forests are cut down to clear land for growing crops, to build farms, ranches and other food growing lands.

(c)

(i) Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are the major producers of teak. Teak is used in building materials, furniture and ship building.

(i) Thorn forests are found in areas with under 80 cm of annual rainfall. They have long roots, which enable them to obtain water from deep underground. Babul, Kikar and wild palms are common trees.
(ii) Teak and sal are the most important trees of the monsoon forest. They are very valuable in the manufacture of furniture, boats etc.

(d)

(i) Vegetation in the Himalayas varies according to height:

1. Tropical deciduous forest

2. Temperate deciduous forest

3. Coniferous forest

4. Alpine forest

(ii) Alpine vegetation is found in the Himalayas, above the height of 3,500m. It consists of grass and flowering bushes.

(a) (i) India is an agricultural country and needs water at the right time for its economic growth. Rainfall in India is seasonal and occurs mainly in summers. Therefore, water is needed for the cultivation of winter crops.

(ii) 1. Most of the rivers of northern India are perennial. The excess water can be diverted to the fields through canals.

2. The cultivated land is flat and levelled. It is made up of soft alluvial soil, thus, making the construction of canals easier.

(b)

(i) The water table should be high and soft soil is preferred as it is very easy to dig.

(ii) Surface wells can irrigate only a small area and may run dry during summers.

(c)

(i)Tube wells are more reliable during the period of drought since people use water from the zone of permanent saturation of the water table. Tube well irrigation is commonly practiced in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan.

(ii) The rivers of northern India are perennial. The water from these rivers is stored in reservoirs by building dams across the river. The water is then distributed through the canals. However, in southern India, most of the rivers are seasonal and the amount of water is reducing during summers.

(iii) The most important perennial canals of Uttar Pradesh are the upper Ganga canal, the lower Ganga canal, the Agra canal, the Sharda canal and the eastern Yamuna Canal.

(d)

(i) Rainwater harvesting is an activity of accumulating and storing rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer. It is used to provide drinking water, water for livestock, water for irrigation, as well as other typical uses.

Roofs tops, paved and unpaved areas, water bodies and storm water drains can be used for rainwater harvesting.

(ii) Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Bengalooru practice rainwater harvesting.

(a)

(i) Minerals are exhaustible. Mineral production has increased due to the increased demand of industrial and agriculture areas. To fulfill the requirements of future, conservation of mineral resources is essential.

(ii) Singhubhum district is a major one iron-ore field in Jharkhand.

(b)

(i) Iron ore, manganese, bauxite and gold are metallic minerals.

(ii) Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj and Bonai are important iron ore producing areas of Odisha.

(c)

(i) Bauxite is the most common ore of aluminum. It is used as an abrasive.

(ii) Anthracite coal is found in Jammu and Kashmir.

(iii) Manganese is mainly used in the manufacturing of good quality steel and to make steel tough. Moreover, it does not rust easily.

(d)

(i) Petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, benzene, vaseline, paraffin wax etc. are obtained from mineral oil.

(ii) Mumbai High, located about 170 km north-west of Mumbai, and Bassein, located south of Mumbai High, are the offshore oil fields in India.

(a) Six figure grid reference

(i) 8096

(ii) 7693

(b) (i) 1: 50,000

(ii) NE to south

(c) The area is a plain. This plain is reducing height from NE to S. Therefore, the river also flows in the same direction.

(d) Six figure reference

(i) 817997

(ii) 766893

(e)

(i) West

(ii) Distance along the track =5cm
Scale 1 cm= 0.5 km
5 cm on the map=5X0.5km=2.5km

(f) Meaning of the following

(i) 50r means that the relative depth of perennial lined well is 50m.

(ii) Pack track

(g) (i) The general pattern of the village on the map is scattered settlement, except Panthawada and Kuchawada. All the other patterns are dispersed type.

(ii) Radial pattern

(h) Well irrigation is the most widespread mode of irrigation. Most of the wells are perennial and have water supply throughout the year.

(i)
(i) Atal settlement huts
(ii) The forests are found along the River Sipu.

(j)

(i) Cultivation and forestry are the two main occupations.

(ii) A large yellow wash part of the map indicates cultivated area and the presence of perennial wells supports this inference.