BSE Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 2 Notes – Federalism
Class 10 is one of the important classes in the education system. Class 10 board examinations result in an obvious burden and tension among students. The importance of Class 10 is undeniable. Students must diligently prepare for their board examinations to secure their career goals. The difficulty level of boards varies across the years but one cannot predict it. Hence, irrespective of the year, it is a must for students to revise all the chapters across subjects. Seeing this scenario, Extramarks has provided all the revision notes on its official website.
Students who are preparing for the Class 10 Social Science Political Science subject can also find the Revision Notes of Chapter 2 as well. The experts have prepared these notes considering NCERT books and CBSE guidelines. The revision notes have been prepared in a way that students can quickly revise them and appear for the examination. Apart from CBSE Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 2 Notes – Federalism, students can also access all the other CBSE Revision Notes, CBSE Sample Papers, Important Questions, formulas, etc. It is the prime duty of every student to revise the chapters with utmost honesty and regular practice.
CBSE Class 10 Social Science Political Science Revision Notes for the Year 2022-23
Sign Up and get complete access to CBSE Class 10 History Chapterwise Revision Notes for the following chapters:
Federalism Class 10 Notes Political Science (Civics) Chapter 2
Introduction
Power-sharing in a democracy determines Federalism.
What is Federalism?
Belgium’s government was unitary. Regional governments had power, but it could be revoked at any time by the Central government. It was amended in 1993 when they were granted constitutional powers, transforming it into a federal government. Federalism is a form of governance in which power is divided between the central authority and numerous different component divisions of the country.
Two Levels of Government Exist:
- One exists at the national or central level that is generally in charge of the entire country. They handle a few national-interest issues.
- Others operate at the state or divisional provincial levels and are in charge of administration daily.
Key Features of Federalism Are:
- It is important to remember that there are multiple levels of governance.
- In terms of legislation, taxes and administration, each level has distinct specified laws and jurisdictions.
- The jurisdiction is defined by the Constitution.
- Courts have the authority to intervene and interpret the powers of government at any level.
- The sources of income at each level of government are carefully outlined for financial autonomy.
- This type of governance has two goals: it promotes national unity while also accommodating regional diversity.
What Makes India a Federal Country?
The Union Governance or Central Government and the State governments were established by the Constitution as a two-tiered structure of government. Panchayats and municipalities were introduced later.
Because there are three levels of governance, the Constitution includes three lists:
Union:
- The Union List includes topics like military, foreign affairs, money and so on.
- These are matters of national importance.
- The Union List creates laws for this list.
State:
- This list includes topics such as law enforcement, business and irrigation.
- These are matters of state and local concern.
- The state government creates laws on this issue.
Concurrent:
- Education, forests, trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession are among the topics of shared concern to both the Union and the States.
- In the Concurrent List, both the federal and state governments can pass legislation.
- Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, and Mizoram have special status under Article 371 due to their unique socioeconomic and historical conditions.
- The Union Territories include Chandigarh, Lakshadweep and Delhi, and the Central Government has specific jurisdiction over these places.
How is Federalism practised?
Here is how Federalism is practised:
Linguistic States
- The establishment of linguistic states was a big step forward in our country’s democratic politics.
- The boundaries of numerous historic Indian states were modified in 1947 to guarantee that individuals who spoke the same language lived in the same state. Some states, such as Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand were formed to respect cultural, ethnic or geographical diversity.
- It aided in uniting the country and making governance easier.
Language Policy
Although Hindi was designated as the official language, no language was designated as the national language. Aside from Hindi, the Constitution recognises 21 additional languages as Scheduled Languages.
Decentralisation in India
- Decentralisation refers to the process by which power is transferred from the federal and state governments and distributed to local governments.
- This proposal was considered since many problems and concerns are better resolved and addressed at the local level than at the state or federal level. As a result, various local institutes were established to care for them.
- The Indian government took this move in 1992, and the Constitution was changed to create a third level of government. This strengthened and consolidated Indian democracy.
- The following actions were done to bring this to power efficiently:
- Regular elections for these local bodies are now required.
- To ensure their representation, seats were allocated for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes.
- One-third of the seats were allotted to women.
- A State Election Commission was also formed to oversee these elections.
- These municipal governments were allocated a portion of the state government’s power and money.
- Each village has its own local government, known as Panchayati raj. In several states, gram panchayats also exist in clusters of villages.
- Municipalities are in charge of large cities and urban regions.
Did You Know?
- More than 1,300 unique languages were identified as mother tongues in the 2011 census.
- Just about 44 per cent of Indians speak Hindi as their mother tongue.
- Although the term “federation” was not included in the constitution, the Indian Union was based on federalist ideals.