CBSE Class 10 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 5 Notes – Popular Struggles and Movements
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CBSE Class 10 Social Science Political Science Revision Notes for the Year 2022-23
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Popular Struggles and Movements Class 10 Notes Political Science (Civics) Chapter 5
System of Democracy and Struggles
- Certain specific factors influence the dynamics of power in a democracy.
- People in power should learn the methods to balance the power assigned to them and work according to it for the best outcome.
- A common man plays a vital role in influencing the power and decisions related to democracy.
Movement for Democracy in Nepal
- Nepal was under monarchy rule but the people living there were not satisfied with the government. These events sparked a war between the king and the people. The movement ended when the king left his power and became a titular head.
- King Birendra accepted this transition and the country came under democracy.
- King Gyanendra ascended after King Birendra was found dead under mysterious conditions. He was not ready to accept the change.
- In 2005 the Prime Minister of the country was dismissed and the country again shifted to an absolute monarchy.
- People again started movements against the monarchy in 2006 by forming several parties. The major parties that formed an alliance were called the Seven Party Alliance and organised a four-day strike at Kathmandu.
- On 24th April 2006, the king accepted all the demands of the people, and the Parliament came back to power. Girija Prasad Koirala became the elected Prime Minister of the country.
Bolivia’s Water War
- Bolivia is a poor country and due to pressure from the World Bank, the government of the country sold their municipal water to a private enterprise. This led to high bills of water which were unaffordable for the people.
- Due to these, there were huge protests in the country in 2000 led by many leaders. Members of different organisations like community leaders, human rights and labour formed a new alliance called FEDECOR. Due to the excessive pressure, the government agreed to the terms of the people. But despite the efforts from the government no results were seen resulting in huge protests all over again.
- To control the protests the government imposed martial law but no effect was seen. At last, the MNC agreed and fled from the country resulting in water restoration for the normal people.
Democracy and Popular Struggles
The movement held in Bolivia and Nepal demonstrated the power of people in democracy. It showcases that unity of people for their rights can change the course of history. Both the movements in different countries show that real power is in the hands of the common man.
Mobilisation and Organisations
There are multiple ways through which organisations can influence governments. The two ways through which organisations can play their parts are as follows:
- Direct way: In this method, the opposition participates in competitive politics to keep themselves in the demand. Different people create parties and participate in the elections to get the desired results.
- Indirect way: Several people come together to form a particular organisation and perform activities so that the government can listen to their demands. The groups that can influence the government with their actions and activities without any particular political agenda are known as pressure groups.
- Sectional groups: The interest groups that focus on particular sections of society are known as sectional groups.
- Public interest groups: The grips that focus on the betterment of society through their actions and movements are known as public interest groups.
Movement groups
The most common goals of the movement’s groups are as follows:
- The main goal of these movement groups is to gather support for a common cause.
- These groups plan protests and movements so that the government can agree to their demands.
- People of these movement groups can participate in various businesses.
- Political groups may lead to pressure groups.
- The political parties can grow out of the movement.
- The relationship between these parties cannot be direct in many cases.
Importance of Pressure Groups
Most pressure groups play a pivotal role in the maintenance of democracy. They can help to modify the rulings, laws and policies.
Important Questions and Answers:
Q1. Give some instances of the power struggle between the people and the government.
A1. The most important instances of a power struggle between the people and government are:
- Women rights movement
- Anti liquor movement
- Narmada Bachao Andolan
- Bolivia water war
- The struggle faced by the people of Nepal.
Q2 Define a pressure group with the help of an example.
A2. When a particular group of people form an organisation or group to fight for a particular viewpoint or opinion, it is known as a pressure group. For example Bhartiya Kisan Union, All India Trade Union Congress, etc.
Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 5 Popular Struggles And Movements Notes
Popular Struggles And Movements in Nepal And Bolivia
Movements In Nepal
Popular Struggles and Movements in Nepal
Bolivia’s Water Wars
Mobilisation and Organisation
Pressure Groups