NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 7
Civics is the study of government and citizenship and it focuses on the duties and rights of people in democracies. The analysis of how governments work and their structure also falls under Civics. The goal of Civics is to understand how the government functions and how individuals may engage in their government.
Marginalization is defined in Class 8 Civics Chapter 7, along with how it is addressed in India following the Constitution. The democratic government of India has the responsibility of identifying the marginalized castes and religious groups and providing them with chances at par with those available to the country’s wider population. These marginalized groups’ constitutional rights will also be dictated to and modified. It is a lengthy procedure that involves multiple phases. To comprehend the entire chapter, one can also refer to Understanding Marginalisation Class 8 Solutions.
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Key Topics Covered in NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 7
Mentioned below are the key topics that are covered in Key Topics Covered in NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 7- Understanding Marginalisation:
- What does it mean to be Socially Marginalised?
- Who are Adivasis?
- Adivasis and Stereotyping
- Adivasis and Development
- Minorities and Marginalisation
Let us look at Extramarks in-depth information on each subtopic in NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 7- Understanding Marginalisation.
What does it mean to be Socially Marginalised?
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 explains what it means to be socially marginalized.
Forced to acept the sides and boundaries than being in the middle of things is what it means to be marginalised. For instance, you would be marginalized if you don’t play the same sport or dress differently or have a distinctive accent, etc.
Some reasons for marginalization are:
- People have diverse dialects, cultures, religious groups, and majority communities. Poor people are referred to as low-status individuals and less human by others, highlighting their inability to access their rights and leaving them feeling helpless.
- The marginalised groups are not able to/ allowed to use the opportunities and resources available to them, and they even destroy their rights due to a sense of isolation and difference. They experience helplessness and exclusion from elite society. Some societal segments make them feel economical, socially, and culturally alienated.
Who are Adivasis?
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 explains who Adivasis are. Adivasis is another term for tribes. Adivasis, a term for people who still live near woods, literally means “original dwellers.” Adivasi people make up around 8% of India’s population, and most of the nation’s industrial and mining hubs are situated in Adivasi communities in places like Jamshedpur, Rourkela, Bokaro, and Bhilai, among others. In India, there are around 500 different Adivasi communities, making up a diverse population.
They are numerous in the northeastern states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura, as well as in the states of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh. They stand out because there is frequently very little hierarchy among them, which sets them apart from societies governed by monarchs or based on the concepts of jati-varna (caste).
Adivasis practice various tribal religions distinct from Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity. These religions emphasise the worship of ancestral figures, community spirits, and nature spirits that are linked to and based in specific locations throughout the landscape, such as “mountain spirits,” “river spirits,” “animal spirits,” etc. The ancestral spirits were worshipped at home, whereas the local spirits were worshipped in designated holy woods inside the village limits.
Adivasis are affected by various nearby faiths, including Buddhism, Vaishnavism, Bhaktism, and Christianity. The main faiths of the empires around them were affected by Adivasi religions. Christianity had become a highly significant religion in modern Adivasi history due to the many Adivasis who converted to it throughout the 19th century. Adivasis speak their languages (most of them radically different from and possibly as old as Sanskrit), . These languages have frequently impacted the development of “mainstream” Indian languages like Bengali.
Adivasis and Stereotyping
The concept of Adivasis and Stereotyping is explained below by NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 7.
Adivasis are represented in conventional ways, for example through their dancing and colourful headgear. Other than this, it seems like we don’t understand the facts of their existence. People mistakenly believe they are unusual, primitive, and backward.
Adivasis and Development
Adivasis and its developments are being talked about in this section of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 7.
- Until the 19th century, a large portion of our nation was covered in forests.
- At least until the middle of the nineteenth century, Adivasis possessed extensive knowledge of, access to, and control over the majority of these enormous areas. There were no powerful nations or empires in charge of them. Instead, Adivasis frequently provided vital access to forest resources on which empires relied heavily.
- They were initially nomadic ranging hunters and gatherers who subsisted on shifting agriculture and stationary farming in the pre-colonial era. Adivasis have been compelled to migrate during the past 200 years due to economic developments, forestry laws, and political pressure from the government and business. They now live as domestic workers, construction workers, plantation workers, and factory employees.
- Adivasis from Jharkhand and the surrounding regions travelled to numerous plantations in India and throughout the world, including Mauritius, the Caribbean, and even Australia, starting in the 1830s. Their labour in Assam made it feasible for India’s tea industry to flourish. There are around 70 lakh Adivasis living alone in Assam.
Forests were removed to make room for agriculture and industry and to harvest wood. Adivasis had resided in regions with a wealth of minerals and other natural resources, but these areas were later taken up for mining and other significant industrial operations. Procedures are not followed as strong forces conspire to seize tribal land violently.
Their regions in the Northeast are still heavily militarised. India has 543 wildlife sanctuaries spread across 1,18,918 sq km and 104 national parks totalling 40,501 sq km. These are the places where tribal members formerly resided before being driven out. When they linger in these woods longer than necessary, they are called encroachers. Tribal people lose their primary sources of food and income when they lose their lands and access to the forest. Many Adivasis have moved to cities in search of work after increasingly losing access to their native homelands. They are employed for meagre salaries in small local businesses or on building or construction projects.
Adivasis are trapped in conditions of poverty and suffering. Adivasis who are uprooted from their homes lose more than a means of subsistence; they also lose a way of life and being.
Minorities and Marginalisation
How different minorities face marginalization each day has been discussed in the following section of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 7.
The Constitution protects linguistic and religious minorities as part of our Fundamental Rights. Communities that are numerically tiny compared to the rest of the population are called minorities. This idea encompasses questions of power, access to resources, social and cultural aspects, and statistics.
Smaller groups may feel insecure about their lives, possessions, and well-being than the rest of society, which may be heightened if relations between the minority and majority populations are tense. The judiciary plays an extremely important role in upholding the law as well as enforcing fundamental rights; as a result, the Constitution commits to protecting India’s cultural diversity and promoting equality and justice. Every Indian citizen has the right to file a complaint with the courts if they feel that their Fundamental Rights have been violated.
Muslims and Marginalisation
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 discusses another essential aspect of the chapter: Muslims being marginalized.
Muslims make up 14.2 percent of the Indian population (2011 Census) and are seen as a marginalized group since they have historically been excluded from the advantages of socio-economic growth.
Muslims endure economic and social marginalization on other levels as well. Like other minorities, Muslims have unique traditions and practices that differ from what is considered the norm. Muslims are often identified differently, and some think they are not like the “rest of us,” leading to unfair treatment and discrimination. As a result of this social marginalization of Muslims, many have migrated from the areas where they have lived, often resulting in the ghettoization of the community. Some may wear a burqa, have long beards, or wear a fez. Muslims have been forced to migrate from their homes due to being socially marginalized, frequently resulting in the neighborhood’s ghettoization. Occasionally, this discrimination breeds hatred and bloodshed.
It takes various techniques, precautions, and actions to address marginalization, a complicated phenomenon. Protecting the rights outlined in the Constitution and the laws and policies created to realize those rights is essential to all of us. Without them, we won’t be able to safeguard the variety that gives our nation its unique character or fulfill the State’s commitment to advancing equality for everyone.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Exercise and Solutions
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Key Features of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 7
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- They cover all the chapter-related questions along with their comprehensive answers explained with proper instances and illustrations.
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- As the explanations are comprehensive, the fundamentals of the chapter are understood by the students in a better way.
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