The current educational subject of geography has its roots in ancient practice, and it is concerned with the features of locations, mainly their natural surroundings and peoples, as well as their interactions. The Greeks, who combined the words “geo” and “graphein” to imply “earth writing” or “earth description,” were the first to create and name it, about 2,000 years ago.
All living things, including humans, are part of a complex ecological system. Chapter 2 of Class 10 Geography begins with the introduction of flora and fauna. The chapter then examines the importance of trees in the ecological system and how we may protect forests and wildlife in India. The chapter concludes by describing the numerous actions people have taken to protect our forest and wildlife resources. Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 NCERT Solutions covers all the details of the chapter.
Forest and Wildlife Resources is one of Geography’s exciting and most accessible chapters. Extramarks NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 are made so students can easily retain all the chapter concepts. In addition, class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Questions and Answers are versatile and easy to understand.
Extramarks website possesses all the material a study needs. Apart from NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2, students can use the Extramarks website to access several other study tools. NCERT Exemplars , CBSE revision notes, CBSE sample papers, CBSE past years’ question papers, and other materials are also available to registered students.
Key Topics Covered in Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Solutions
To make it convenient for the students, Extramarks has listed below the key topics that are covered in Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Solutions:
- Fauna and Flora in India
- What negative factors cause such fearful depletion of Fauna and Flora?
- Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India
- Types and distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources
- Community and Conservation
Let us look at Extramarks’ in-depth information on each subtopic in Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Solutions.
Fauna and Flora in India
Regarding biological variety, India is one of the wealthiest countries on the planet. India is home to diverse and vast forest and animal resources. Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Solutions explains that we can classify existing plants and animal species into the following groups based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN):
- Normal species: Cattle, sal, pine, rats, and other species whose population numbers are deemed normal for their survival.
- Endangered species: These animals are on the verge of extinction. Examples include blackbuck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion-tailed macaque, sangai (brow centre deer in Manipur), and other animals.
- Vulnerable species: These populations have dropped to the point where they are likely to be classified as endangered soon if the trend continues. For example, blue sheep, Asiatic elephants, Gangetic dolphins, etc.
- Rare species: Species with a tiny population may be classified as endangered or vulnerable, if the negative factors continue to affect them. The Himalayan brown bear, wild Asiatic buffalo, desert fox, and hornbill are examples of such animals.
- Endemic species: These can only be found in a limited number of locations, mainly due to natural or geographical barriers. The Nicobar pigeon, Andaman teal, Andaman wild pig, and Mithun in Arunachal Pradesh are examples of such animals.
- Extinct species: These species may have vanished from a specific locality, region, nation, continent, or perhaps the whole planet—for example, the Asiatic cheetah and the pink-headed duck.
What negative factors cause such fearful depletion of Fauna and Flora?
Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Solutions states that the following are the causes of the depletion of Fauna and Flora:
- To meet human requirements, there is an excessive use of natural resources, such as wood, barks, leaves, rubber, medicines, colours, food, fuel, fodder, and manure.
- Agriculture, railways, commercial and scientific forestry, and mining industries are expanding.
- Project development and mining activities are done on a large scale.
- Unequal access to resources
Some causes of Environmental Degradation
The following are some other causes of Environmental degradation as explained by Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Solutions:
- As per the Forest Survey of India, over 26,200 square kilometres of forest land was converted into agricultural land across India between 1951 and 1980, and large portions of the tribal belts, particularly in northeastern and central India, were deforested to practise shifting cultivation (jhum), a type of slash and burn agriculture.
- Since 1951, around 5,000 square kilometres of forest area have been removed to advance river valley developments. For example, the Narmada Sagar Project in Madhya Pradesh required the clearing of about 40,000 hectares of forest.
- Large-scale deforestation is also a result of mining.
- The continuous dolomite mining threatens the Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal.
- Poaching, over-exploitation, pollution, hunting, forest fires, and other issues all contribute to the dwindling of India’s tremendous biodiversity.
- Overpopulation is a significant contributor to environmental degradation in third-world nations.
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India
Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Solutions explains that conservation protects plants and animals’ genetic diversity and the ecological diversity of plants and animals.
- In 1972, the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was enacted to safeguard habitats, and a list of protected species was produced for the whole country.
- The national government also made several efforts to conserve individual species. Hundreds of butterflies, beetles, moths, and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species due to the Wildlife Acts of 1980 and 1986.
- Plants were added to the list for the first time in 1991, commencing with six species.
Project Tiger
- The tiger population declined from 55000 to 1,827 in 1973 at the turn of the century, forcing the government to take severe action.
- Tigers are facing severe dangers and are on the verge of extinction due to habitat loss due to increasing human population, poaching, and depletion of prey base species, are some of the factors.
- The tiger population is on the verge of extinction due to the trafficking of tiger skins and the use of tiger bones in traditional remedies, particularly in Asian nations.
- “Project Tiger” began in 1973 with the goal of not just saving tigers but also preserving biotypes.
- Some of India’s tiger reserves include the Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, the Sunderbans National Park in West Bengal, the Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya Pradesh, the Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan, the Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam, and the Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala.
- Several hundred species of butterflies, moths, beetles, and dragonflies were added to the list of protected species under the Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986.
Types and distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources
The Forest Department or other government departments in India own and manage the country’s forest and wildlife resources. Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Solutions explains that the following categories are used to categorise these items:
- Reserved forests: More than half of India’s land has been designated as reserved forest.
- Protected forests: One-third of the forest area has been designated as protected forest by the forest department.
- Unclassed forests: Forests and wastelands belonging to the government and private people and groups are included in this category. Unclassified woods make up a large share of the forests in the northeastern states and parts of Gujarat.
Permanent forests, also known as reserved and protected forests, are kept to provide wood and other forest products and environmental protection. The state of Madhya Pradesh has the most permanent woods.
Community and Conservation
The preservation of forest and animal resources is very important. Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Solutions states that the following are a few steps that ordinary people undertook:
- Villagers in Rajasthan’s Sariska Tiger Reserve have used the Wildlife Protection Act to fight.
- The residents of five villages in Rajasthan’s Alwar district have designated 1,200 hectares of woodland as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri.’ Villages established their laws and restrictions prohibiting hunting. They’re also guarding the animals against any outside intrusions.
- The Himalayan Chipko movement was one effective attempt to combat deforestation in numerous locations. Community afforestation has also resulted from the movement.
- India’s joint forest management (JFM) initiative is an excellent model for incorporating local populations in forest management and restoration.
- Farmers and citizen organisations in Tehri and Navdanya, such as the Beej Bachao Andolan, have demonstrated that acceptable levels of various crop production can be achieved without synthetic pesticides.
Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Solutions Exercise and Solutions
Extramarks is a gold mine of high-quality study resources. Extramarks experts have developed study materials for students to thrive on examinations. Click on the below links to view Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Solutions:
Class 10 Geography Chapter 2: Very Short Answer Type Questions
Class 10 Geography Chapter 2: Short Answer Type Questions
Class 10 Geography Chapter 2: Long Answer Type Questions
Students can access Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Solutions and other chapters by clicking here. In addition, students can also explore NCERT Solutions for other classes below.
By accessing Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Solutions, students can easily understand all the concepts relating to Forest and Wildlife Resources through extensive answers to the textual questions.
Key Features of Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Solutions
Extramarks NCERT Solutions have become popular among students. And for a subject as exciting as Geography, it is essential to go through these NCERT Solutions. Extramarks NCERT Solutions are a one-stop solution for the same. Let us give you some reasons why to choose Extramarks:
- Going through these solutions is quite useful for students, as these solutions help them grasp the concepts and the writing pattern.
- The experienced teachers and experts from Extramarks have gathered the most crucial information based on the CBSE guidelines.
- The language used in compiling these solutions is simple and easy to understand.