NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter 4 Agriculture

Agriculture explains how farming systems, crop seasons and major crops vary across India’s physical regions.
These NCERT Solutions help students answer Chapter 4 questions on farming types, crops, reforms and rice cultivation.

Chapter 4 Agriculture first explains why India is agriculturally important and how two-thirds of its population is linked with agricultural activities. It then compares primitive subsistence farming, intensive subsistence farming, commercial farming and plantation agriculture. NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter 4 cover all textbook exercise questions in order. Students revise rabi, kharif and zaid seasons, rice, wheat, millets, pulses, tea, coffee, sugarcane, cotton, jute and agricultural reforms for 2026-27 CBSE exams.

Key Takeaways

• Agriculture: It is a primary activity that produces food crops and industrial raw material.
• Cropping seasons: India has three main seasons: rabi, kharif and zaid.
• Rice: It is a kharif crop requiring high temperature, humidity and over 100 cm rainfall.
• Reforms: Land reforms, Green Revolution, KCC and MSP improved Indian agriculture.

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter 4 Structure 2026-27

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture Exercise

The NCERT exercise has questions on farming systems, major crops and agricultural reforms. These NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture follow the 2026-27 textbook order.

Q1. Multiple Choice Questions

(i) Which one describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?

Options:
(a) Shifting Agriculture
(b) Plantation Agriculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Intensive Agriculture

Answer: The correct answer is (b) Plantation Agriculture.

Plantation agriculture grows one crop over a large area. Tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane and banana are important plantation crops in India.

(ii) Which one of the following is a rabi crop?

Options:
(a) Rice
(b) Gram
(c) Millets
(d) Cotton

Answer: The correct answer is (b) Gram.

Gram is grown in the rabi season. Rabi crops are sown from October to December and harvested from April to June.

(iii) Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?

Options:
(a) Pulses
(b) Jowar
(c) Millets
(d) Sesamum

Answer: The correct answer is (a) Pulses.

Pulses are leguminous crops. Most pulses help restore soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air.

Agriculture Class 10 Questions and Answers in 30 Words

Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture uses short-answer questions to test crop features and reforms. These answers stay close to the NCERT wording.

Q2. Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.

Answer: Tea is an important beverage crop.

It grows in tropical and sub-tropical climates. It needs deep, fertile and well-drained soil rich in humus. Tea also requires warm, moist and frost-free weather.

Q3. Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.

Answer: Rice is a staple food crop of India.

It is grown in north-eastern plains, coastal regions and deltaic areas. Major rice regions include Assam, West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

Q4. Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.

Answer: Institutional reforms include collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari.

Other measures include land reforms, crop insurance, Grameen banks, cooperative societies, Kisan Credit Card, PAIS, MSP, remunerative prices and procurement prices.

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Geography Agriculture Long Answers

Agriculture Class 10 NCERT Solutions include two long answers on government initiatives and rice cultivation. These answers connect reforms with crop conditions.

Q5. Suggest the initiatives taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.

Answer: The government introduced technical and institutional reforms to increase agricultural production.

After Independence, collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari were given priority. Land reforms were the main focus of the First Five Year Plan.

In the 1960s and 1970s, the government introduced the Green Revolution. It used HYV seeds, fertilisers, irrigation and modern technology to improve production.

The White Revolution, also called Operation Flood, improved dairy production.

Later, crop insurance was introduced against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease. Grameen banks, cooperative societies and banks provided loans at lower interest rates.

Kisan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme were also introduced for farmers.

The government started weather bulletins and agricultural programmes on radio and television.

Minimum support price, remunerative prices and procurement prices protect farmers from middlemen and speculators.

These measures support farmers through credit, technology, price protection and information.

Q6. Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.

Answer: Rice is a kharif crop and the staple food crop of many Indians.

It requires high temperature above 25°C. It also needs high humidity and annual rainfall above 100 cm.

In areas with less rainfall, rice grows with the help of irrigation.

Rice is grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India. It is also grown in coastal areas and deltaic regions.

Major rice-growing regions include Assam, West Bengal, coastal Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra’s Konkan coast.

Uttar Pradesh and Bihar are also important rice-growing regions.

Canal irrigation and tubewells made rice cultivation possible in Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan.

In Assam, West Bengal and Odisha, three paddy crops are grown in a year.

These are Aus, Aman and Boro.

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 4: Key Concepts

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 explains farming through seasons, crop types and regional conditions. These concepts help students answer both short and long questions.

Primitive Subsistence Farming

Primitive subsistence farming is practised on small patches of land.

It uses primitive tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks. It depends on monsoon, natural soil fertility and family labour.

Intensive Subsistence Farming

Intensive subsistence farming is practised in areas with high population pressure.

It uses labour, irrigation and biochemical inputs to get higher production from small landholdings.

Commercial Farming

Commercial farming uses modern inputs for market production.

HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation help increase productivity.

Plantation Agriculture

Plantation agriculture grows one crop on a large area.

It uses capital, migrant labour, transport and processing links. Tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane and banana are examples.

Cropping Pattern

Cropping pattern class 10 mainly covers rabi, kharif and zaid seasons.

Rabi crops include wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard. Kharif crops include paddy, maize, cotton, jute and groundnut.

Major Crops

India grows food and non-food crops.

Major crops include rice, wheat, millets, pulses, tea, coffee, sugarcane, oilseeds, cotton, jute and rubber.

Types of Farming Class 10 Geography: Chapter Examples

Types of farming class 10 geography questions need crop and region examples. This table helps students connect farming types with textbook evidence.

Jhumming

Jhumming is slash-and-burn agriculture in north-eastern states.

Farmers clear a patch, grow crops and shift when fertility declines.

Rice

Rice needs high temperature, high humidity and over 100 cm rainfall.

It can also grow in low-rainfall regions with irrigation.

Wheat

Wheat is a rabi crop of north and north-western India.

It needs a cool growing season and bright sunshine during ripening.

Millets

Jowar, bajra and ragi are important millets.

They have high nutritional value and grow in dry or rain-fed regions.

Pulses

India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses.

Pulses are a major protein source in vegetarian diets.

Cotton and Jute

Cotton grows well in black soil of the Deccan plateau.

Jute grows in fertile flood plains where soil is renewed every year.

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