CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Revision Notes Chapter 1

CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Notes – Resources And Development

CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 – Resources and Development discuss the importance of resources in our lives and the role they play in development. This is an important chapter from the exam and weightage perspective. Students looking for CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 notes can refer to Extramarks. We are a leading online learning platform that provides precise and reliable study material curated by a team of subject matter experts.

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Revision Notes

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Access Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1: Resources And Development

Types Of Resources

There are many things available in the environment to satisfy human needs. However, they can only be satiated if the resources are technologically accessible, economically feasible, and culturally acceptable. Such environmental things are called resources. It forms an interactive relationship between nature, institutions, and technology. These eventually help in the acceleration of economic development. Human beings are also a part of these resources. Furthermore, the human race itself uses these resources for self-utilisation. 

Different types of resources are available for the consumers from the environment. However, you should use each of these resources carefully so that the same resources are available for future generations also. 

Development Of Resources 

All these types of resources are essential to human lives. Furthermore, people believe these resources are natural gifts to the human race. However, indiscriminate use of resources by human beings has led to the following significant issues.

• Depletion of resources to successfully meet the requirements of a few individuals.
• Accumulating these resources into a few hands divides society into rich and poor communities.
• Indiscriminate resource exploitation leads to global ecological problems like global warming, ozone layer depletion, land degradation, and environmental pollution. 

For a sustained lifestyle, we must have global peace and equitable distribution of resources. To use resources judiciously, you must attain sustainable economic development. In this type of development, the processes take place without harming nature. The development procedure should not compromise on the needs of future generations. 

Sustainable Development

Sustainable development is a development that takes place without over-exploiting nature. Instead, it focuses on the idea that today’s resources should not compromise the upcoming generations. 

The Rio De Janeiro Summit of June 1992 was a global summit where more than 100 heads of state came together under one roof for the first International Earth Summit. The summit then addressed urgent problems related to environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level. 

Resource Planning In India

Planning is an acceptable strategy for judiciously using natural resources. This is because many of these resources are sufficient in many places, while some places do not have sufficient resources for use. For example, the states of Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and Jharkhand are rich in coal and mineral deposits. 

Arunachal Pradesh has water resources in abundance but lacks infrastructural development. Rajasthan is well-equipped with solar and wind energy, but it lacks water resources technologies. Undoubtedly, the cold desert of Ladakh is isolated from the rest of the country. It is rich in cultural heritage but lacks infrastructure, essential minerals and water resources. 

Resource Planning Is A Complex Process That Involves:

1. Management of resource development plans with the overall national plans. 
2. Creating a planning structure based on appropriate technology, skills, and institutional capabilities for implementing resource development plans.
3. Identification and inventory of natural resources across all the regions of the country. It includes surveying, mapping, qualitative and quantitative estimation, and resource measurement. 

Land Resources 

Land is a natural resource of the utmost importance and is essential for the human race. It supports natural vegetation, economic activities, wildlife, human life, transport and communication systems. Therefore, it is a vital resource that humankind has. 

Land Use Pattern In India 

The following factors determine the use of land:

• Physical factors like topography, soil types and climate. 
• Human factors include population density, culture, traditions, and the capability of technology available.
• According to the land use data, only 93 per cent of the total geographical area is available for use. These are mostly the northeastern states, except Assam. 
• Many parts of Jammu and Kashmir that are under Pakistanis’ captivation have not been surveyed yet. 

Land Utilisation 

The land which is available to humanity is used for the following purposes:

1.Forests 

2. Land which is not available for cultivation purposes.

• Barren or wasteland 
• The land is put into non-agricultural activities like building roads, building buildings, and many more.

3. All other types of uncultivated land 

• Land covered in various tree crops groves
• Grazing land or permanent pastures
• Culturable wasteland

4. Fallow lands 

• Current fallow, which is left without cultivation for around one year or less than that
• Other than current fallow land, which is left without cultivation for around 1 to 5 years. 

5. Net sown area: the area which is sown more than once in a year plus the net sown area is known as the gross cropped area. 

Land Degradation And Conservation Patterns 

Human activities like deforestation, mining, overgrazing and quarrying lead to land degradation and require the utmost conservation. Some essential measures to control land degradation are:

• Afforestation 
• Control on overgrazing 
• Management of wastelands 
• Planting shelterbelts for plants 
• Stabilisation of dunes which grow because of thorny bushes 
• Control over mining activities 

Conservation 

Afforestation or planting of more trees can help in controlling the degradation of land. Controlling overgrazing activities will also help in this regard. Along with this, plantation of shelterbelts and stabilisation of dunes by thorny bushes are some of the basic methods for checking land degradation. Finally, proper management of wastelands and correct disposal of industrial effluents after treatment can help in the reduction of significant land degradation. 

Types Of Soil

There are different types of soil available for human beings. They vary depending on factors like colour, texture, soil formation, thickness, age, and chemical and physical properties.

Soil Erosion And Soil Conservation 

The denudation of the soil cover and its subsequent washing down is known as soil erosion. Soil formation and soil erosion go hand in hand. But if it goes extreme, it can lead to a disaster. The natural ways of soil erosion are wind, glaciers, and water. Human activities like deforestation, construction, overgrazing, mining, etc., are significant reasons for soil erosion. 

Important Questions And Answers 

Here are some other important CBSE extra questions for your reference and help. 

1. What is the meaning of resources?

There are many things available in the environment to satisfy human needs. However, they can only be satisfied if the resources are technologically accessible, economically feasible, and culturally acceptable. Such environmental things are called resources.

2. What are the different types of resources?

 Different types of resources can be classified into different categories. These categories vary from each other. For example, you can classify the resources based on origin, exhaustibility, ownership, and development status.

3. What do you mean by sustainable development?

Sustainable development is the development that takes place without compromising the needs and requirements of future generations. This procedure takes place without over-exploiting the natural resources. Instead, it focuses on the idea that today’s resources should not compromise the upcoming generations. 

4. What is the gross cropped area?

The area that is sown more than once a year plus the net sown area is the gross cropped area. 

5. Mention any four ways to conserve resources. 

• Adoption of sustainable development 
• Use cloth bags instead of plastic bags 
• Recycle items like metal cans and plastic bottles
• Avoid wastage of food 

CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 – Resources And Development 

Classification of Resources 

Resources can be classified into different categories. These categories vary from each other. For example, you can classify the resources based on origin, exhaustibility, ownership and development status. However, these classifications are as follows:

Based on Origin – Biotic And Abiotic 

Biotic Resources: You can obtain these resources from the biosphere. For example, human beings, fisheries, livestock, flora and fauna, etc. 

Abiotic Resources: All those environmental components composed of non-living aspects are known as abiotic resources—for example, metals and rocks. 

Based on Exhaustibility – Renewable And Non-Renewable 

Renewable Resources: The resources you can renew or reproduce by physical, chemical, or mechanical means are known as renewable resources—for example, forests, wildlife, solar and wind energy, water, etc.

Non-Renewable Resources: The resources you consume once and do not renew again are known as non-renewable resources. However, some of these resources take millions of years for re-formation—for example, coal, oil and many more.

Based on Ownership – Individual, Community, National And International 

Individual Resources: The resources owned individually by private parties are known as personal resources—for example, plots and houses owned by private individuals.

Community Resources: The resources available and accessible for all community members are known as community resources—for example, public parks, which the community people own. 

National Resources: The resources that come under a nation’s jurisdiction are known as national resources. Hence, from a technical point of view, all the resources belong to the nation only. 

International Resources: The resources which lie beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone in the oceans are known as International resources. Without the permission of international institutions, no one can use these resources. 

Based on The Status Of Development – Potential, Developed, Stocks, Reserves 

Potential Resources: The resources available in a region but which the users have not yet utilised fully are known as potential resources. One prime example of potential resources is wind and solar energy development in the regions of Rajasthan and Gujarat. 

Developed Resources: Resources whose quantity and quality are pre-determined for consumption purposes are known as developed resources.

Stocks: These resources cannot be used because of the lack of appropriate technology. For example, water is a compound mixture of two inflammable gases, hydrogen and oxygen. They can be used as a great source of energy. But due to technical incompetency, we do not know how to use it. 

Reserves: These resources are surveyed and can be used with present technology. But the user has not yet begun—for example, the water in dams and forests, etc. 

Development Of Resources 

Resource Planning 

Resource Planning In India 

Conservation Of Resources 

Land Resources 

Land Utilisation 

Land Use Pattern In India

Land Degradation And Conservation Measures 

Soil As A Resource 

Soil is one of the most important renewable natural resources of all time. It is the primary medium for plantation growth, which also supports different living organisms. 

Classification Of Soils

There are different types of soil available for human beings. They vary depending on the factors like colour, texture, soil formation, thickness, age, and chemical and physical properties. Some basic soil types are:

Alluvial Soils 

They cover the entire northern plains. The Himalayan river systems, including the Indus, Brahmaputra, and Ganga, carry the alluvial soil deposits. They are also found in the eastern-costal plains like the Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri rivers. 

Black Soils 

These types of soil are known as regur soils. The black soil is ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil. This soil is primarily found in the Saurashtra, Malwa, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh plateaus. Moreover, black soil is rich in calcium carbonate, potash, lime and magnesium. 

Red And Yellow Soils 

The red and yellow soils are found in the regions of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau. This soil becomes reddish because of the diffusion of iron from metamorphic rocks and crystalline materials. 

Laterite Soils 

The laterite soils develop in areas with high temperatures and heavy rainfall. They are found in places like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Madhya Pradesh. The soil is suitable for cultivation with an adequate amount of manures and fertilisers. However, the laterite soils contain low humus because of decomposers like bacteria. 

Arid Soils 

 Arid soils are found in the western parts of Rajasthan. These soils only become cultivable after proper irrigation. They lack humus and moisture because of the dry climate and high temperatures that evaporate quickly. Therefore, the salt content of these soils is high, and common salt is also obtained from these soils. 

Forest Soils 

The forest soils are found in hilly and mountainous areas with sufficient rainforest. The features of this type of soil differ from location to location. The forest soils are loamy and silty on the valley sides and coarse-grained on the upper slopes. 

Soil Erosion And Soil Conservation 

The denudation of the soil cover and its subsequent washing down is known as soil erosion. Soil formation and soil erosion go hand in hand. But if it goes extreme, it can lead to a disaster. The natural ways of soil erosion are wind, glaciers, and water. Human activities like deforestation, construction, overgrazing, mining, etc., are significant reasons for soil erosion. 

Different Ways For Soil Conservation

Here are some of the ways to conserve soil:

• Terrace farming to restrict the soil erosion 
• Contour ploughing, in which contours are created to stop direct water from flowing down the slopes
• Strip farming by creating strips of grasses between crops to minimise erosion
• Shelterbelt by planting trees in rows for breaking the winding and reducing the shift of the desert