CBSE Class 9 Social Science Geography Revision Notes Chapter 6

Class 9 Geography Chapter 6 notes

CBSE Class 9 Geography Chapter 6 Notes – Population

The Class 9 Geography Chapter 6 Notes outline the size and distribution of the population in India along with the various characteristics of the population. In Chapter 6 Geography Class 9 Notes, students will get to know the major details of the chapter that are important for their final examination. Moreover, Class 9 Geography notes Chapter 6 will be a student’s last-minute revision guide providing all the necessary information without missing out on any topic.

CBSE Class 9 Geography Revision Notes 2023-24

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Population Class 9 notes Geography Chapter 6

Access Class 9 Social Science Chapter 6- Population notes: 

Size and Distribution of Population: 

These CBSE revision notes of Chapter 6 highlight the population distribution in the country and the factors that affect the growth rate of the population.

As of March 2001, India’s population was approximately 1,028 million, which accounts for approximately 16.7 percent of the global population. The 1.02 billion population of our country is unevenly distributed throughout the landscape’s area of 3.28 million square km, which accounts for approximately 2.4 percent of the global area.

More than half of our population lives in the five regions, including Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Andhra Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh has a population of 166 million, which is 16% of the total population of India. On the contrary, Sikkim has a population of 0.5 million people, and around 60 thousand people live in Lakshadweep, according to the census 2001.

Size and Distribution of Population in Terms of Density: 

Population density simply means calculating the population of India per unit area. India is the most densely populated country in the globe. According to the data of 2001 population density of India was 324 persons living per sq km. Population density varies from state to state. For instance, the population density of West Bengal is 904 persons per sq km, and the population density of Arunachal Pradesh is 13 persons per sq km.

Rugged and uneven terrain and unfavourable climatic or weather conditions are primarily responsible for a sparse population in these regions. Assam and almost all of the Peninsular states consist of moderate population densities. Hilly, dissected areas and rocky surface of the terrain, medium to low rainfall and shallow and less fertile soils have influenced the density of population in these regions.

Growth and Change of Population: 

Population growth refers to the transformation in the number of inhabitants of the country or territory during a specific period, say during the last ten years. Such a change can be represented in two ways: in terms of absolute numbers and in terms of percentage change every year. For instance, an increase of 2 percent per annum simply means that in a given year, there was an increase of two people for every 100 persons in the existing population. This is known as the annual growth rate.

However, in the year 1991, the rate of growth started declining gradually. During the same period, birth rates declined at a rapid pace. Still, approximately 182 million people were added to the total population in the 1990s. The annual increase in India’s population is 15.5 million, which is big enough to neutralise the efforts to conserve resource endowment and the environment. The declining growth rate trend is indeed a positive indicator of the efforts of birth control.

The main rationale for increasing the Indian growth rate of the Indian population has been the quick and rapid decline in death rates. Till the year 1980 high birth rate and reduction in the death rates were the primary rationale behind the increasing growth rate. However, since 1981, birth rates also started declining slowly and gradually, resulting in a gradual reduction in the population growth rate.

The third major indicator of population growth is migration. Migration is the movement and traversing of people across regions and territories and from one place to another due to various reasons, like poverty, a search for work, natural calamities, etc. Migration can be internal, which means within the country, or international, or external, which means between countries.

Population Growth: 

Population growth is a phenomenon when there is an increase in the number of people in a country or territory during a particular period of time, say during the last twenty years. Such change in population growth can be marked in two ways: in absolute numbers and in percentage change annually.

Population Change: 

There are three major indicators that depict population change; birth rates, death rates, and migration. The natural increase in the population is simply the difference between birth rates and death rates within the country. The birth rate refers to the exact number of children born per thousand persons in a year. It is one of the major components of growth and reflects growth change because, in India, birth rates have always been more in comparison to death rates. The death rate refers to the exact number of deaths or the number of people who died per thousand persons in a year.

Population Characteristics: 

Age Composition: 

The population’s age composition in the country simply means the number of people in different age groups. It is one of the most important and basic characteristics of a population. To a significant degree, a person’s age influences various decisions, including what he needs, buys, does, and his capacity and potential to perform.

Children below the age group of 15 years are economically unproductive, meaning they are not yet prepared to work and need to be bestowed with the proper food, clothing, education, and medical care. Moreover, the working age group is 15 years to 59 years. People falling under this category are economically productive and have the potential to work and contribute to the growth of the nation, and are biologically reproductive. This comprises the working population. Furthermore, people more than 59 years of age can be economically productive, but because of retirement or health conditions, they might not be able to work.

Sex Ratio: 

The sex ratio simply means the number of females or girls per 1000 males in the population. This information is a crucial and important social indicator to measure and determine the extent of equality and inequality between males and females in a society at any given point in time. The sex ratio in India and various other countries have always remained unfavourable and unbiased to females.

Literacy Rate: 

Literacy is essential to judge any country’s population and people. Moreover, only a well-informed and educated citizen of the nation can make intelligent and wise choices and undertake responsibilities involving research and development projects. Low levels of literacy are a serious debacle to economic development and improvement. According to the Census of 2001, a person who falls under the age group of 7 years and who can read and write with an understanding of any language is considered literate. There has been a steady and very slow improvement in literacy levels in India. According to the Census of 2001, the literacy rate in the country is 64.84 percent, which is 75.26 percent for males and 53.67 percent for females.

Occupational Structure: 

The percentage of the economically active and working population is an important index of development. The population distribution according to different occupation types is called occupational structure.  There are numerous occupations found in any country. Occupations are classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary activities include agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, etc. Secondary activities include the manufacturing industry, building and construction work, etc. Tertiary activities include transport, communications, commerce, administration, and other services. In India, more than 64% of the population is involved in the primary sector, basically agriculture.

Health: 

Health is an important component of population composition, affecting the development process. Constant efforts of government programs have resulted in significant improvements and enhancements in the health conditions of the Indian population. Death rates gradually declined from 25 per 1000 in 1951 to 8.1 per 1000 in 2001. Moreover, life expectancy at birth has increased drastically from 36.7 years in 1951 to 64.6 years in 2001. This major improvement is the result of many combined factors, including improvement in public healthcare, prevention of infectious diseases, and application of modern medical practices in diagnosing and treating ailments.

National Population Policy: 

Recognising that planning the families in advance would improve and enhance individual health and welfare, the Government of India commenced the comprehensive Family Planning Programme in the year 1952. The Family Welfare Programme aimed to voluntarily promote and advertise responsible and planned parenthood. The National Population Policy or NPP 2000 is an amalgamation of years of planned objectives and efforts. The NPP 2000 offers a policy framework for imparting free and compulsory schooling and education for children up to 14 years of age, which will further reduce the infant mortality rate (IMR) to below 30 per 1000 children born. This will help achieve universal immunisation of children against all vaccine-preventable diseases, promote marriage for girls only after a specific age, and make family welfare a people-centred welfare scheme.

NPP 2000 and Adolescence: 

NPP 2000 policy determined adolescents as one of the population’s major sections needing greater attention. Besides nutritional and healthcare requirements, the policy put forth greater emphasis on other important and crucial needs of adolescents, including protection from unwanted pregnancies for females and sexually transmitted diseases (STD). It called for programs that aim to encourage delayed marriage and child-bearing, education of adolescents about the risks of unprotected sex, make contraceptive services accessible and affordable, provides food supplements and nutritional services, and strengthen legal measures to protect children from child marriage.

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Important questions and answers: 

1. What are population growth and population change?

Ans. Population growth is the difference between the birth rate and development rate and also the movement in a year. It is expressed in terms of percentage. Population change refers to the number of people in the population in any specific year.

• What is the Census? 

Ans. Census is an official national numbering of the population which is done at regular intervals. The first Census of India was conducted in 1872. The first census was noted in the year 1881. Every ten years, the Census of India is calculated.

• Why is a healthy population important for a country? 

Ans. A healthy population adds up to a better workforce or human resources in the country. The non-productive group of the country also needs to be healthy as that reduces the burden on the country’s healthcare sector.

Distribution of Population by Density: 

Population density is the method of measuring the population of the country per unit area. India is the world’s most populated nation across the world. According to the statistics of 2001 population density per sq km. is 324 people. Population density differs from every state to another state. For example, the density of the population in the state of West Bengal is 904 people living per sq km, and in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, it is 13 people per sq km.

Population Growth and Methods of Population Change

Population increase is the change in the number of people living in a country or territory during a given time period, such as in the past ten years. Such a shift can be expressed in two different ways: as an annual percentage change or as a change in absolute numbers.

The three main measures of population change are migration, birth rates, and death rates. The disparity between birth and death rates within the nation is what causes the population to grow naturally. The precise number of children born per 1,000 people each year is referred to as the birth rate. It is one of the main drivers of growth and a key indicator of change in growth rate, birth rates have historically been higher than mortality rates. The death rate is the precise number of deaths or the number of fatalities per 1,000 people in a given year.

Population Growth: 

Processes of Population Growth/Change:

The process of population growth happens over a particular period of time within the nation, and such a change or increase in population can be depicted via two methods, including absolute numbers and percentage change.

The three primary rationales behind the phenomenon of population change are migration, birth rates, and death rates. The difference between birth rates and death rates in the country leads to the natural growth of the population.

Age composition: 

The amount of persons in each age group makes up the country’s population’s age makeup. It is among the most crucial and fundamental traits of a population. Age has a huge impact on a person’s capacity and potential for performance, as well as what he requires, purchases, and does.

Sex Ratio: 

Simply said, the sex ratio is the proportion of females or girls to males in the population. The degree of equality and inequality between men and women in a society at any particular moment can be measured and determined using this information, which is a critical and significant social indicator.

Literacy rates: 

To evaluate the populace and inhabitants of any country, literacy is necessary. Furthermore, only a knowledgeable and educated citizen of the country can assume duties relating to research and development initiatives and make thoughtful decisions. Poor literacy rates seriously hamper the growth and advancement of the economy.

National population policy:

The infant mortality rate (IMR) would be further decreased to below 30 per 1000 live births by implementing free and mandatory education for children up to the age of 14 under the NPP 2000. This will support the goal of vaccinating all children against diseases that can be prevented by vaccines, encourage marriage for females only after a certain age, and turn family welfare into a people-centred welfare programme.