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Q:

Fill the name of the correct mineral in the crossword below: ACROSS 1. A ferrous mineral (9) 2. Raw material for cement industry (9) 3. Finest iron ore with magnetic properties (9) 4. Highest quality hard coal (10) 5. Aluminium is obtained from this ore (7) 6. Khetri mines are famous for this mineral (6) 7. Formed due to evaporation (6) DOWN 1. Found in placer deposit (4) 2. Iron ore mined in Bailadila (8) 3. Indispensable for electrical industry (4) 4. Geological Age of coal found in north east India (8) 5. Formed in veins and lodes (3)

A:

ACROSS

  1. A ferrous mineral (9) (MANGANESE)
  2. Raw material for cement industry (9) (LIMESTONE)
  3. Finest iron ore with magnetic properties (9) (MAGNETITE)
  4. Highest quality hard coal (10) (ANTHRACITE)
  5. Aluminium is obtained from this ore (7) (BAUXITE)
  6. Khetri mines are famous for this mineral (6) (COPPER)
  7. Formed due to evaporation (6) (GYPSUM)

 

DOWN

  1. Found in placer deposit (4) (GOLD)
  2. Iron ore mined in Bailadila (8) (HEMATITE)
  3. Indispensable for electrical industry (4) (MICA)
  4. Geological Age of coal found in north east India (8) (TERTIARY)
  5. Formed in veins and lodes (3) (TIN)

Q:

Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Describe the distribution of coal in India.
(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?

A:

(i) The major resources of metallurgical coal belong to the Gondwana age and are located mainly in the Damodar valley in the states of West Bengal and Jharkhand. Raniganj, Jharia, Bokaro are some of the important coalfields. The Godavari, the Mahanadi, the Son and the Wardha valleys also contain coal deposits. Tertiary coals occur in the northeastern states like Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Nagaland. Lignite is a low-grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content. The principal lignite reserves are in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu and are used for generation of electricity.

(ii) Solar energy has a bright future in India because –

  • India being a tropical country receives sunlight in abundance throughout the year, so there are enormous possibilities of tapping solar energy.
  • It can be easily established in rural and remote areas.
  • Solar energy can be used for cooking food, pumping water, refrigerators, and street lighting. Therefore, its demand will increase in future.
  • It will minimise the dependence of rural households on firewood and dunk cakes, which in turn will contribute to environmental conservation and adequate supply of manure in agriculture.
Q:

Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Distinguish between the following in not more than 30 words.
(a) ferrous and non-ferrous minerals
(b) conventional and non-conventional sources of energy
(ii) What is a mineral?
(iii) How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
(iv) Why do we need to conserve mineral resources ?

A:

(i) (a)

Ferrous minerals

Non-ferrous minerals

Metallic minerals, which contain iron, are called ferrous minerals.

Metallic minerals, which do not contain iron, are called non-ferrous minerals.

Examples - Iron ore, manganese, nickel, cobalt, etc.

Examples- Copper, bauxite, tin, etc.

 (b)

Conventional Sources of Energy

Non-conventional Sources of Energy

The sources of energy, which have been in use for a long time

The resources, which are yet in the process of development over the past few years

They cause pollution when used as they emit smoke and ash.           

Generally, these are pollution-free.

For example: coal, natural gas, water, fire-wood

For Example: geothermal energy, solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, biogas energy, nuclear energy.

ii) A mineral is a homogeneous, naturally occurring substance with a definable interior structure.

(iii) In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults, or joints. In most cases, they are formed when minerals in liquid/molten and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities towards the earth’s surface.

(iv)We need to conserve the mineral resources due to the following:

  • It takes millions of years for the formation of minerals.
  • Continued extraction of ores leads to increasing costs as mineral extraction comes from greater depths along with decrease in quality.
  • Compared to the present rate of consumption, the replenishment rate of minerals is very slow.
  • Mineral resources are finite and non-renewable.
Q:

Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks,leaving a residual mass of weathered material?
(a) coal (b) bauxite (c) gold (d) zinc
(ii) Koderma, in Jharkhand is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals?
(a) bauxite (b) mica (c) iron ore (d) copper
(iii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of which of the following rocks?
(a) sedimentary rocks (c) igneous rocks
(b) metamorphic rocks (d) none of the above
(iv) Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?
(a) oil (b) uranium (c) thorium (d) coal

A:

(i) (b) bauxite
(ii) (b) mica
(iii) (a) sedimentary rocks
(iv) (c) thorium

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