NCERT Solutions For Class 8 Social Science Chapter 13 Industries

(i)

(ii)

(i) (a) West Bengal

(ii) (b) Jute

(i) Raw materials: Iron and cotton

(ii) End product: Steel and textiles

(iii) Tertiary activities: Transport and banking

(iv) Cottage industries: Basket weaving and pottery

(v) Co-operatives: Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy

(i) Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods (iron and steel industry), extraction of minerals (coal mining industry) or the provision of services (tourism industry).

(ii) The main factors, which influence the location of an industry, are the availability of raw material, land, water, labour,power, capital, transport and market.

(iii) Iron and steel industry is called the backbone of modern industry because the production and consumption of iron and steel reflects the level of industrialisation and economic development of a country.All the other industries depend on it for their machinery.Almost everything that we use is either made of iron and steel or by using devices and tools made of steel. It provides raw material for making industrial machinery, electrical machinery, defence equipments, railway tracks, railway engines, bridges, dams, shops, automobiles, houses, etc.Steel is required to manufacture a variety of consumer goods like bicycles, fans, furniture, tractors, etc.

(iv) Cotton textile industry has rapidly expanded in Mumbai due to following reasons:

1. Availability and proximity to raw material: Cotton grows in large quantities in the Deccan Plateau that lie close to cotton mills.
2. Warm and moist climate: Humid coastal climate favours the spinning of cotton yarn.
3. Transport: Mumbai is well connected to the country by rail, road and air. It has excellent port facilities for import and export.
4. Labour: Large skilled labour force is available.